What are teeth for? Detailed answer

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What are teeth for? Detailed answer

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What are teeth for?

Do you brush your teeth twice a day? If you clean them and do it well, then it is not surprising that your teeth do not fall out. They are dense and strong, like a stone. Each tooth consists of two parts: one or more roots fixed in the jaws, and a crown, part of which is visible in the mouth.

Teeth are mainly composed of mineral salts such as calcium and phosphorus. The crown is covered with hard and shiny enamel. The root covers the cementum, a bone-like material. Dentin, a material similar to ivory, forms the body, or body, of the tooth.

Dental pulp (pulp) - the contents of the crown and root cavities of the tooth. The pulp is made up of the same tissue as the nerves, arteries, and veins. It enters the tooth through a hole at the end of the root. If you've looked at your teeth in a mirror, you've probably noticed that they differ in shape and size.

There are 4 types of teeth, each with a specific purpose. The incisors, located in the center of the mouth, bite or cut food. The fangs tear off food and are located on opposite sides of the incisors. They have long strong roots and pointed crowns.

Small molars (premolars) are located immediately behind the canines, have two sharp tips and one or two roots. Premolars grind food. Large molars (molars) are located in the very depths of the mouth, have several pointed ends and two or three roots. Molars grind food.

Author: Likum A.

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When people learned how far from the Earth the Sun is, they realized that the Sun is very large. And yet how big is it? With what to compare it? If you imagine a huge empty ball the same size as the Sun, and many small balls the size of our planet, then it turns out that one million three hundred thousand "small" balls will fit in one big ball! It's hard to count them all. But these "small" balls are our Earth, on which millions of people live in thousands of cities and villages, sometimes thousands of kilometers apart.

It is impossible to take and measure the Sun, but people have learned to estimate the size of celestial bodies using the angle at which these bodies are observed in the sky. In diameter, our Sun is 109 times larger than the globe.

And if it were possible to weigh the Sun and the Earth on the scales, then it would turn out that the mass of the Sun is 333 times the mass of the Earth, that is, 333 Earth globes would have to be taken to balance the Sun. But there are no such gigantic scales. People, using the laws of physics, have learned to calculate the mass of celestial bodies. For the Sun, it turned out that its mass, expressed in kilograms, is approximately 6��. Try to count this number of kilograms! Your whole life is not enough! That's how big our Sun is!

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Random news from the Archive

Bees have emotions and mood swings 15.10.2016

Bees may experience something like happiness after receiving a treat that makes them feel more optimistic.

We usually think of emotions as internal awareness of a feeling, but there's a lot more to this subject, says Clint Perry of Queen Mary University in London. Physical changes and shifts in behavior accompany feelings of happiness and sadness.

To see if bees had similar patterns, Perry and colleagues trained 24 bees to associate certain locations and colors in the lab with cylinders of sugar or plain water. The scientists then closed the cylinders and gave half of the bees high-sugar water - the bee equivalent of chocolate - and measured the time it took for the insects to climb into the container with the hole. It was located between two closed cylinders and was painted in a medium color so that the bees would not know if there was sugar water in it or not.

The bees that received the sugar dose were quicker to get into the obscure medium feeder, as if they were more optimistic about the possibility that there was food there. And they didn't just act more actively because of the surge of energy. Both the bees that received a dose of sugar and the rest, with equal activity, climbed into the container, where there was definitely food, and with the same reluctance into the cylinder with plain water.

To see if a sugar cube could remove a negative experience, the researchers simulated a predator attack by carefully placing 35 insects in a trap that looked like a web of crab spiders. These spiders often prey on bees, but they can escape from them. Then the insects were released from the trap.

The bees given sugar flew to the feeder four times faster than those given nothing. It can be assumed that sweet food enhances positive emotions and helps to recover from negative ones - just like in humans.

After the bees were given a drug that blocks dopamine, which is responsible for the reward system in humans, all the effects of sugar virtually disappeared. This suggests that the bees behave according to their mood, Perry says.

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