How do birds know when they fly? Detailed answer

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How do birds know when they fly? Detailed answer

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How do birds know when they fly?

Flights of birds have captured the imagination of man since time immemorial. Do you know that Homer wrote about this 1000 years before our era, that it is mentioned in the Bible, that the great ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle studied this issue? And yet, after many thousands of years, we still cannot fully answer the question about this amazing phenomenon - bird flights.

By migration, we mean the movement of birds south in autumn and north in spring, their movement from the plains to the highlands or from the depths of the mainland to the sea coast. We have a pretty good idea why birds fly. For example, they move to warmer climes because many of them cannot survive in winter conditions. Those birds that feed on certain types of insects or small rodents cannot find food for themselves in winter. Oddly enough, the temperature itself is not the cause of flights.

Did you know that, for example, your canary can survive in temperatures as low as -45°C if it has enough food? Whatever the reasons for flying (and there are many), how do birds know when it's time for them to start their long flight? They are known to leave every year at the same time as the seasons change. And what is the surest, unmistakable sign of such a change? Day length!

It is believed that birds can determine when the days are getting shorter (or longer - in the spring), and this is what serves as a signal for them to start the flight! Since the birds breed in the summer, this is also associated with migration. Only in this case we are talking about a flight to the north. Certain glands in the body of the bird begin to produce substances associated with reproduction. This happens in the spring. The bird feels the need to reproduce and heads north, where summer comes.

Thus, the length of daytime and the disappearance of food tell the bird when to go to warmer climes. And the instinct of procreation in the spring says that it's time to fly north. There are, of course, other factors that we do not yet fully understand, but what is listed is without a doubt the main key to unraveling the mystery of bird migration.

Author: Likum A.

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