What is plant grafting? Detailed answer

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What is plant grafting? Detailed answer

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What is plant grafting?

Can any tree bear the fruit of another kind of tree? Yes! This is possible through vaccination. If a bud from a pear tree branch is carefully placed in a gap made in the bark of a quince bush, a pear branch will grow. A quince bush will bring both pears and quince at the same time! Similarly, an almond tree can be made to produce both peaches and almonds at the same time. Or you can grow beautiful orchard apples on a wild apple tree.

Sometimes grafting is used to obtain ornamental trees and shrubs, but it is still of primary importance for agriculture. The first virtue of grafting is that it gives the gardener confidence that the young tree or bush will bear fruit of the same quality and in no less quantity than the parent tree. A branch taken from some tree and grafted onto another tree will bear the same fruit as on the tree from which it was taken.

There are many ways to connect branches with buds, or cuttings, as they are called, with other plants, but two rules must be observed: first, only related trees or shrubs can be grafted. This means that apples can be grafted onto pears or quinces, and peaches can be grafted onto apricots, almonds, plums, or other stone fruits. But it is impossible to graft a cutting of an apple tree, for example, to a peach tree. The second rule is that the layer of cambium, through which the vital juices of the cutting pass, must be in contact with the cambium of the shoot to which it is grafted. Otherwise, the grafted branch will not grow.

There are many different ways to graft. This can be the introduction of a separate bud under the bark, and grafting long branches to cracks in trees to heal wide wounds in the bark. It is also quite interesting that grafting is also used in relation to animals. Eyes, for example, can be transplanted in animals such as frogs, toads, rats and rabbits.

Surgeons learn from such experiments to help wounded or maimed people. The bones taken from the ribs are grafted onto the nasal bone to make a new nose, and the skin is grafted onto the burned tissue to remove the scars!

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What colors of blood, other than red, are common in the animal kingdom?

The blood of vertebrates is red due to the protein hemoglobin, which, when combined with oxygen, becomes red. The only exception are green-blooded skink lizards, which have green blood due to an abnormally high concentration of the bile pigment biliverdin. It is of the same color in some annelids and polychaete worms, but for a different reason - they use the protein chlorocruorin to bind oxygen. Other blood colors in the animal kingdom are also formed due to other proteins: hemocyanin stains the blood of mollusks blue, hemerythrin - the blood of some marine invertebrates purple, and gemovanadin - the blood of ascidians mustard yellow.

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