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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
How was the Grand Canyon formed? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? How was the Grand Canyon formed? The Grand Canyon is one of the greatest sights on the surface of the Earth. In some places, it looks like a magical city of stone with temples, towers and castles of dazzling colors. One of the most amazing things about the Canyon is that it was made by a river! The waters of the Colorado River have created this huge gorge over the millennia. Just imagine that it was washed in solid rock for a long distance, and then you will be able to appreciate the monstrous power of the waters of this river. Even now, year after year, Colorado continues to bite even deeper into the bottom of the gorge. In some places, the Grand Canyon is more than a mile deep and four to eighteen miles wide. As the river deepened deeper into the plateau, forming a canyon, it revealed on the stone walls the history of the Earth for hundreds of millions of years. At the bottom of the gorge near the river, ancient crystalline rocks were exposed. These are the remains of an ancient mountain system, which was destroyed both by itself and with the help of water and wind. The emergence and disappearance of this mountain system was discovered only with the formation of the Grand Canyon. On the foundation of this mountain range hidden in the thickness of the earth are layers of quartzite, sandstone and limestone. They formed as the epochs changed, as the ocean waves rolled over these places from the east, then from the west, when entire mountain ranges appeared and disappeared. The fossils found here serve as evidence that sea waves once rolled over these rocks. These are the fossilized remains of algae, seashells and fish. The first white man to see the Grand Canyon was the Spanish traveler Garcia López de Cardenas, who discovered the Canyon in 1540. In our time, the government has singled out the most beautiful and interesting part of the Canyon and arranged here the Grand Canyon National Park, with an area of 1009 square miles. Thousands of tourists come every year to admire the local beauty, and there is even the opportunity to ride a mule along the bottom of the gorge along the Colorado. Author: Likum A.
What is a mammoth? The word "mammoth" in our country often denotes something colossal, of enormous size. But once upon a time, there was an animal called a mammoth. The mammoth looked like an elephant and lived in many places throughout the earth, but mammoths have not survived to our time. Although this ancient species of elephant was called a "mammoth", it was about the size of a modern Indian elephant. He had a pointed skull and very unusual tusks that twisted in a spiral, and their tips were directed towards each other. Distinguished this elephant from those that we are used to seeing, and made it unlike anyone else, the long hair covering the body of a mammoth. It was so long that it reached the ground. He had a large hump at the back of his head, and his ears were small. The whole body of this animal was covered with a garment of yellow-brown wool, and the long, black, rougher fur broke through it. Wool also grew on the ears. The first thing we would say to a mammoth if he suddenly met us: "Go get your hair cut!" It is quite understandable that an animal in such a fur coat felt quite comfortable even in a cold climate. And the mammoth is the only elephant species that has ever lived that is at home in cold and even arctic climates. Therefore, he lived quite well in Siberia, and he lived there, apparently, until relatively recently. In other places, such as England and France, mammoths lived only until the end of the ice age. And when England warmed up between the two ice ages, the mammoth went north following the receding ice. In the same period, mammoths also lived in North America, and some of them reached 4 meters in height. Due to their enormous weight, mammoths often got stuck in the icy mud, which subsequently froze. Therefore, mammoths are still sometimes found in well-preserved form in places like Siberia.
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