Who is Joseph Lister? Detailed answer

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Who is Joseph Lister? Detailed answer

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Who is Joseph Lister?

We now accept many things in medicine as ordinary things. If we watch a movie or TV show in which a doctor is about to perform an operation, we expect to see him wash his hands and put on a mask. The idea of getting rid of germs (in other words, antiseptics) in surgery was developed by Joseph Lister. He was an English doctor by profession, born in 1827 and died in 1912.

In 1861, Lister became a surgeon at the largest hospital in Glasgow. While working there, Lister had to treat many people injured in accidents. The wounds of these patients often became infected. The area around the wound became swollen and inflamed, and pus began to form. Lister became interested in preventing such an infection. At first, he tried to clean the wound, but that didn't seem to help.

In 1864 he became acquainted with the experiments of the French scientist Louis Pasteur. Pasteur showed that microbes are the cause of sour milk and putrefaction of meat. Tiny microbes are airborne and settle in milk or meat. Lister suggested that wound infection was also caused by these microbes in the air. Lister tried to kill harmful microbes by dressing the wound with carbolic acid. He succeeded in reducing the infection, and he became convinced that his theory of the microbial origin of the infection was correct.

In 1867 Lister wrote an article for a serious medical journal. In this article, he revealed the essence of his theory regarding infection and described his method of preventing it. At first, Lister's theory was not accepted by everyone. But over the next twenty-five years, all surgeons began to use antiseptics in the treatment of wounds and during operations. Today there is not a single doctor or hospital in the world that does not apply the ideas first proposed by Joseph Lister.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What keeps a duck afloat?

When we use the word "duck" we really mean a very wide variety of birds, from the familiar inhabitants of the poultry yard to the wild travelers in the sky. The duck family includes swans, geese, mergansers, or fishing ducks, and various types of ducks.

Most wild ducks live from the Canadian border to areas where rare trees are still found in the Far North. Only in winter they fly to the central and southern states. But in the south they remain for a short time. As soon as the ice begins to melt in the north, they return home - to reservoirs, rivers, swamps, on the shores of lakes and the sea coast, where they like to live.

Ducks can swim in icy water without any problems.

The reason they stay afloat is because the duck's body is densely covered with waterproof feathers. A gland located near the tail secretes an oily liquid that wets the feathers. Under them is a thick layer of fluff. Even the webbed feet of ducks protect them from the cold winter: since they have neither blood vessels nor nerves, they simply do not feel the cold.

The paws of ducks are located behind the body, which allows them to swim excellently, and on land gives them a characteristic waddling gait. Ducks can move quickly through the air and in short flights reach speeds of up to 112 km / h! Most ducks build nests on the ground near water. They lay them out with tender plants and crush them with their breasts. Females heat their eggs with their breasts while hatching. The duck lays from 6 to 14 eggs and sits on them herself.

Birds molt after mating season. Until the feathers on the wings grow back, they cannot fly. To protect themselves at this time from enemies, they become very quiet, trying not to draw attention to themselves.

There are about 160 species of ducks worldwide, and they are found on every continent except Antarctica.

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