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Graphene becomes a superconductor

31.03.2014

American physicists have discovered that graphene can be turned into superconducting matter by studying the properties of "sandwiches" of monatomic layers of carbon and calcium, according to an article published in the journal Nature Communications.

“Using a new technique, we were able to demonstrate for the first time how the electrons in the graphene layers in this “sandwich” combine into Cooper pairs, which provides superconductivity, and also reveal the role of calcium layers. Now we can say that we fully understand how superconductivity in this material,” said Jonathan Sobota from Stanford University (USA).

Sobota and his colleagues say they have unraveled the secret of superconductivity for graphene and found ways to put it into practice by studying the structure of a "sandwich" of graphene and ultrathin calcium sheets using the SSRL synchrotron emitter at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford.

As the authors of the article note, physicists around the world have been well aware that "sandwiches" made of graphene and calcium have superconducting properties for about 10 years. In recent years, scientists have tried to replicate this property in “pure” graphene and other materials, but have failed due to a lack of understanding of how this superconductivity occurs.

Sobota's group solved this problem by X-raying pieces of graphite and calcium sheets, which helped them understand how electrons move inside the sandwich and how the so-called "Cooper pairs" that provide superconductivity are formed.

According to the researchers, graphene plays a leading role in the formation of these pairs, while calcium plays a supporting role. Scientists claim that the data they have collected will help create superconducting graphene in the near future, which will allow the development of ultrafast transistors and quantum computing devices based on it.

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