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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
How many types of flies are there? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? How many types of flies are there? The answer could be: "Only one kind - annoying!" In fact, all non-dangerous types of flies are very annoying, and there are about 40 species of flies in total! There is hardly a corner of the world where flies are not plagued, although the use of chemical insecticides and other methods can reduce the bothersomeness of flies in temperate zones. Are you surprised that there are so many types of flies? This is because we are using a scientific approach. All dipteran insects are called flies, or scientifically "diptera". They include, therefore, also mosquitoes. But this is only the beginning. There are also common houseflies, green-headed horseflies, with a very painful bite, and the bee fly, which is very similar to a bee and feeds on the nectar of flowers. Now a little about more interesting types of flies. The black flies of the northern forests, flying in countless swarms, are known for the fact that their bites sometimes lead to the death of people and animals. Some mosquitoes in the southern states of the United States, through their bites, carry germs of a disease called conjunctivitis. The tsetse fly, which lives in Africa, carries the deadly germs of sleeping sickness. Large Australian robber flies feed on other flies, sucking the juices out of them. By the way, the dragonfly and the Mayfly are not actually true flies because they have more than two wings. The most famous, of course, is the house fly. But did you know that the house fly's "antennae" are actually smelling organs, not sensations? These tendrils can pick up scent from a great distance. The mouth of these flies is one organ that is erroneously referred to as the "tongue". The fly walks on tiptoe on two claws attached to the bottom of the foot. Sticky pads under the claws allow the fly to walk upside down with ease. Author: Likum A.
What is peat? Peat is not coal. It can be called a stage in the process of obtaining coal. Coal is the remains of ancient trees and plants that grew in swampy jungles, in a warm, humid climate hundreds of millions of years ago. These trees and plants eventually got into the swamp water. During the decomposition of wood by bacteria, gases were produced that escaped, and a black mixture was formed, the main part of which was carbon. Over time, under the pressure of mud and sand, the liquid leaves the mixture, and the viscous mass hardens, turning into coal. This process, from start to finish, spans thousands of years. But the first stages of the coal formation process can be seen even now. Peat forms in the Great Dismal Swamp in Virginia and North Carolina and in thousands of swamps in the northern states of the United States and Canada. In these swamps, plants are in the process of decomposition, releasing large amounts of carbon. After several years of this process, a brown mixed mass of twigs, branches and leaves is formed. This is peat. When water is pumped out of such a swamp, the peat can be cut into pieces, laid out to dry, and burned. Drying is necessary, since peat in the soil is 3/4 water. In Ireland, where peat is plentiful and coal expensive, more than half of the farmers use peat for fuel. Other types of coal are derivatives of peat. If peat is left where it was formed, it gradually turns into lignite, or brown coal. It is harder than peat, but still quite soft and crumbles when transported over long distances. The next type of coal is bituminous, or soft coal. It is formed in the earth from lignite through chemical changes and under pressure over thousands of years. It is the most important member of the coal family. It burns easily and is found in large quantities. If bituminous coal is in the ground and subjected to sufficient pressure, it gradually turns into hard coal, or anthracite. It burns almost without smoke and lasts longer than bituminous coal.
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