How did the circus start? Detailed answer

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How did the circus start? Detailed answer

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How did the circus start?

Tell some kid that there was a time when there was no circus - he will consider you a liar. The circus is so loved by everyone, so many legends and magic are associated with it that it is hard to believe that it has not always existed.

The first circuses were completely different from those with which we are all familiar. They existed in ancient Rome and performed in a large arena called "Circus Maximus". Chariot races were the main attraction. In between, the crowd was entertained by acrobats, tightrope walkers, and equestrians.

The circus as it is known today comes from wagon shows held in England in the early XNUMXth century. Troupes of acrobats and magicians traveled from one city to another in vans that were used for dressing up. They gave their performances at fairs and markets of large and small cities.

There was no fee, but after each performance, the host walked around the audience with a hat to collect money.

The first circus in the United States was introduced to spectators in Philadelphia and New York at the end of the XNUMXth century by Ricketts. It was a very small but quite popular circus, and even George Washington attended some of its performances.

In the first half of the 9th century, many circuses sprang up in the United States. They traveled around the country in wagons and performed only during the daytime, as there was no way to light the arena. At that time, 7 horses and XNUMX people were already considered a complete troupe. The orchestra included a hurdy-gurdy, clarinet and bass drum.

Around 1860, the circus began to look like today. Canopies became commonplace, candles on a frame around a central pole made it possible to give performances in the evening, the number of performers and animals increased and new attractions were constantly added. Finally, P. Barnum appeared, who began to carry his circus across the country by rail, and "the greatest show on earth" was born!

Author: Likum A.

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Is it far from the sun?

How to find out the distance to the Sun? And in general, how to determine the distance to an object, if it is impossible to get closer to it? People have come up with ways by which you can not only determine the distance to some inaccessible object, but also find out the distance to celestial bodies - to the Moon, to the Sun, to the stars. This required knowledge of mathematics and very precise measuring instruments.

Astronomers determine the distance to the heavenly bodies in the same way as artillerymen determine the distance to the target. The object, the distance to which must be determined, is considered simultaneously from two different places. Knowing the distance between the observation points and the angle between the directions to the target, you can calculate the distance to it. Making observations of celestial bodies from two different points on the globe, astronomers calculated the distance to the Sun, Moon, and planets.

From the Earth to the Sun is almost 150 million kilometers. A beam of light travels this distance in 8 minutes 20 seconds. In nature, there is no greater speed than the speed of light - 300 kilometers per second. No body, no particle can move faster. But if suddenly our Sun went out, then we on Earth would know about it only after 8 minutes 20 seconds, because it is at a great distance from us.

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