When did surnames appear? Detailed answer

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When did surnames appear? Detailed answer

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Did you know?

When did surnames appear?

"Hey, shorty!"

"Hey, skinny."

"Here comes the Blonde!"

Is this familiar to you? We consider it quite normal to give people nicknames that characterize them to a certain extent.

It is interesting that the names appeared in exactly the same way! A girl born during a famine could be called Una (translated from the Celtic "hunger"), a fair-haired girl would be called Blanche (French for "white"). The boy would be named David, which means "beloved."

People have had names for many thousands of years. Then, around 1066, when the Normans took over England, they began to use surnames to better distinguish between people. Just a name is not enough to distinguish one person from another. For example, there could be two Davids in the city, one of them was lazy. So people would call him David Slugger.

There are various ways to come up with middle names for people. For example, they began to mention the name of the father. So, Peter, the son of Andrei, became known as Peter Andreev's son, and later - Peter Andreevich.

Another way to distinguish people was to mention the area where they were born or lived. The man who lived or worked at the mill became known as Melnikov, who lived near the grove - Roshchin.

And, of course, the work performed by a person made it possible to distinguish him from others. So the Kozhemyakins, Tokarevs, Plotnikovs and others appeared.

Something similar existed in ancient Rome. The second name - patronymic - was added to mention the name of the family or clan to which the child belonged. Later they began to add a third name, a kind of descriptive nickname.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What are the sizes of the planets?

A planet is very different from a star. A star is a huge ball of hot gases that release heat and light. A planet is a much smaller celestial body that shines by reflected light. Let's start with the planets closest to the Sun.

The first one is Mercury. Mercury's diameter of 4640 km is almost the width of the Atlantic Ocean, that is, it is only a fraction of the size of the Earth.

The next planet is Venus. It is almost the same size as the Earth. Its diameter is 12160 km, while the diameter of the Earth is 12660 km.

By the way, such a strange fact is known that Venus rotates in the opposite direction, that is, from east to west.

The next planet is our Earth and then Mars. Mars shines with a reddish light. Its diameter is 6720 km, which is slightly more than half the diameter of the Earth. Some parts of its surface look like lunar landscapes, with large craters apparently formed by fallen meteorites, but there are also giant volcanoes and valleys, which proves the possible geological activity of the planet.

Jupiter - the next planet - is far from the Sun. It takes him 11,9 years to complete one orbit. Jupiter is the largest of the planets. Its diameter is 141 km, almost 920 times the diameter of the Earth.

Saturn, following it, is also a giant. Its diameter is 120 160 km. This is almost 9 times more than the earth. Saturn is unusual in that it is surrounded by a group of flat rings. These rings are made up of billions of tiny particles.

The next planet, Uranus, is much larger than Earth. Uranus is slightly tilted to the side: its axis is tilted at an angle of 98° to its orbit. (The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of 23,5°.)

Next comes Neptune, a planet with a diameter of 48 km.

And finally, the last known planet is Pluto, which is believed to have a diameter of 3000 km. It is so far from the Sun that for Pluto it is just a bright star in the sky.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

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