What is smoke? Detailed answer

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What is smoke? Detailed answer

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What is smoke?

Smoke is the result of incomplete combustion of certain fuels. This means that if all the fuel burned completely, there would be no smoke at all.

Most fuels are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, some sulfur and mineral ash. If all this was burned completely, the waste products would be carbon dioxide, water vapour, and free nitrogen, all of which are harmless. In the presence of sulfur in the fuel, a small amount of sulfur dioxide also remains. When it combines with air and moisture, an acid is formed that corrodes the metal.

For complete combustion of the fuel, sufficient oxygen is needed for oxidation at high temperature. This is difficult to achieve, especially with solid fuels, and results in smoke.

Anthracite and coke burn without smoke, as they do not contain volatile substances.

Bituminous coals decompose at low temperatures, with the release of gases and tar. When combined with dust and ash, they form smoke.

The air in any city is full of suspended solids, but not all of them are smoke. The smoke may contain dust, particles of vegetation and other substances. Under the influence of gravitational forces, they gradually fall down. In small towns or suburbs, 70 to 90 tons of these particles settle on every square kilometer annually. And in large industrial cities, this figure can be 10 times higher!

Smoke can do a lot of damage. It causes damage to health, buildings, vegetation. In big cities, smoke prevents the passage of sunlight, especially ultraviolet rays, which are very important for human health.

If the wind had not dispersed the smoke, the fog would have been in the cities all day long. Where smoky fogs are frequent, mortality from pulmonary and heart diseases increases.

The effect of smoke on vegetation is especially dangerous. It interferes with the "breathing" of plants and deprives them of sunlight. Oftentimes, the acids in the smoke directly kill the plants!

Currently, many cities are actively fighting smoke and its harmful effects.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

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Unusual for mammals, the ability to regenerate tissues was found in spiny mice living in Africa and the Middle East. The skin of these rodents is 20 times less durable than that of ordinary mice, so the animals easily shed it in case of danger. After some time, new skin with full-fledged hair follicles grows at the site of the wound.

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