Why were censuses in the Russian Empire called audits? Detailed answer

BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Free library / Directory / Big encyclopedia for children and adults

Why were censuses in the Russian Empire called audits? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education

Did you know?

Why were censuses in the Russian Empire called audits?

In 1718, by decree of Peter I, a population census began in Russia. The lists of peasants were to be submitted by the landowners themselves. Several years passed, and the landowners did not submit information. Those of the nobles who introduced them, as it turned out, did not show in them all the peasants they owned. Threats of death penalty and confiscation of hidden souls did not have the expected impact.

In 1721, the "last decree" was published - "so that those who fell into that concealment in error could all be corrected" and report about the concealment until September 1. The landowners did not want to take advantage of the postponement and amnesty. Then the tsar instructed specially created offices, staffed by officers, to double-check the statements submitted by the landowners.

Since that time, the name "revision" (from Latin - revision) has been established behind the censuses. By the way, the offices then discovered the concealment of one million male souls.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Is the sense of smell stereoscopic?

It has long been established that vision and hearing in humans and many other animals are stereoscopic. However, we also have a stereo sense of smell, because the nostrils are also a paired organ, although they are located much closer to each other than the eyes or ears. The hypothesis of a stereoscopic sense of smell has been most effectively proved by the example of moles, whose eyesight and hearing are underdeveloped. In a special laboratory, moles needed much more time to find a feeder with earthworms if a plug was inserted into one of their nostrils, and the deviation of the course for all the experimental subjects was approximately the same and always towards the open nostril. In another part of the experiment, the moles were inserted into the left nostril with a plastic tube leading to the right, and into the right nostril leading to the left, in which case the animals were completely disoriented and could not find food.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ What part of hereditary information reflects the personality of a person?

▪ Can dolphins talk?

▪ What drink did the Germans invent, having lost the supply of ingredients for Coca-Cola?

See other articles Section Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Always white apple 15.08.2007

Canadian breeders have developed an apple variety that does not turn brown on the cut.

In an ordinary apple, when the integrity of its tissues is violated, phenolic compounds and the polyphenol oxidase enzyme contained in different "compartments" of the whole cell begin to contact each other. When the walls between the "compartments" are broken, a chemical reaction produces oxidized brown compounds that are not palatable to insects and have an antibacterial effect. That is, for the plant, this reaction has a protective character.

But apple lovers do not like this color change. The new variety, called Edem, is low in phenolics, so the pieces stay white in fruit salad. But the taste of the new variety is no worse than the well-known ones. And for gardeners, he has another important advantage: the fruits, even when ripe, do not fall from the branches, but wait until they are removed. This means that the percentage of losses is lower.

It remains to be seen by experience whether the absence of protective compounds will affect the health of apples.

Other interesting news:

▪ Synthetic spider silk based on E. coli

▪ Electronic chess player

▪ Found stars of the second generation

▪ Gold explosive detectors

▪ KnuPath - neuromorphic military processor

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Signal limiters, compressors. Article selection

▪ article Up the stairs leading down. Popular expression

▪ article What is the most dangerous animal that has ever lived on our planet? Detailed answer

▪ Article Pedicure master. Job description

▪ article Low-frequency amplifier on the LA4555 chip. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Adder, adjustable low-pass filter and phase shifter for subwoofer channel on one transistor and op-amp. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews