What role did Johannes Gutenberg play in the development of printing? Detailed answer

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What role did Johannes Gutenberg play in the development of printing? Detailed answer

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What role did Johannes Gutenberg play in the development of printing?

Sometimes Johannes Gutenberg (between 1397 and 1400-1468) is called the first printer. This is not entirely correct, because typography existed before Gutenberg. Books were printed in the so-called blocking method: a whole page of text was squeezed out on paper at once. Books printed in this way did not seriously compete with books made in special workshops (scriptoria), where dozens of qualified scribes worked.

The merit of Gutenberg lies in the fact that in 1445 he invented a printing system from typesetting, composed of movable and replaceable elements - letters. The letter is the first standard part in the history of European technology.

Gutenberg designed a manual casting machine, which ensured the standardization of the letter and the mass production of it. With the help of this machine, he made more than a hundred completely identical interchangeable metal letters. Gutenberg was the first to use a press for printing, developed recipes for printing alloy and printing ink. Thus, Gutenberg is credited with developing the typographic process as a whole, he is the world's first typographer.

Gutenberg's invention, which can be considered the most remarkable invention of the Middle Ages, made possible the rapid and economical reproduction and wide distribution of books and other printed matter.

No invention, before or since Gutenberg, has spread across the world so rapidly. During the lifetime of Gutenberg's contemporaries, about 40 books were printed in Europe.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How long has a person been growing vegetables?

Vegetables are herbaceous plants, meaning they have a soft stem and little or no wood. The edible part of a plant can be the root (beetroot), stem (asparagus), leaves (spinach), flower bud (broccoli), fruit (tomatoes), or seeds (peas). Primitive man may have collected wild leguminous plants such as beans or peas and root vegetables such as carrots. These vegetables, as well as leafy plants such as cabbage and lettuce, were probably grown in the first primitive vegetable gardens, although we do not know when such vegetable gardens began to be cultivated.

The ancient Egyptians grew lettuce, cabbage, melon, beans, radishes, onions, garlic, artichokes, and possibly peas. So, we see that thousands of years ago people ate a variety of vegetables.

Later, the Greeks and Romans also began to grow such vegetables. In addition, they grew cucumbers, asparagus, and celery. When the explorers arrived in America, they found vegetables there that were completely unknown in Europe. Even the familiar bean in the New World looked different. The settlers found fibrous beans, potatoes, corn and tomatoes there. Many of these types of vegetables became familiar only towards the end of the XNUMXth century.

In the XNUMXth century there was a revolution in all areas of agriculture. Farmers increased their yields by improving farming practices and by using methods to select seeds from the best plants for the next planting. Thus, vegetables are bigger, better tasting and more nutritious than before.

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The speed of light is almost 300 km/s. Huge significance, if we remember that the length of the Earth's equator is "only" 000 km. Only recently has it been possible to fix the "movement of light" at a speed that is discernible to humans. This method will be called femtophotography.

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