What technical innovation led to the defeat of the German submarine fleet in World War II? Detailed answer

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What technical innovation led to the defeat of the German submarine fleet in World War II? Detailed answer

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What technical innovation led to the defeat of the German submarine fleet in World War II?

In the early years of World War II, Hitler's submariners, who used the "wolf pack" tactics, achieved stunning success. During the first four months of the war, they sank 810 Allied ships, and in 1940 and 1941, 4407 and 4397 ships, respectively. But the triumph of the Nazi submarine fleet took place in 1942: 8245 ships were launched to the bottom, or 6,2 million tons of Allied merchant tonnage!

However, at the end of the same year, Nazi submarines that entered the ocean communications began to disappear without a trace. The commanders of several miraculously surviving boats told what happened. At night, in fog, in conditions of poor visibility, when the boats were moving to the designated position on the surface, an aircraft suddenly appeared at a low altitude and unmistakably, for sure, dropped bombs on them.

The successes of the German submarine fleet declined sharply, and the losses in the boats reached monstrous proportions. If in 1939 9 Nazi submarines perished, in 1940, 1941 and 1942 - respectively 22, 35 and 85 boats, then in 1943 - 237 submarines! Losses exceeded the number of boats commissioned.

And the reason for such a crushing defeat of the Nazi submarine fleet was that in 1942 the British installed radar stations on aircraft. In order to be able to systematically view a large area of the sea surface from an aircraft, the installations were equipped with rotating antennas and panoramic indicators. With a flash of the reflected signal in the panorama, the aircraft turned to the target and, approaching the firing distance, turned on the searchlights and brought down on the submarine the fire of on-board weapons and bombs.

Over the noise of their own diesel engines on the boat, an approaching aircraft was not heard, and the factor of surprise made the submariners completely helpless.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why do people faint?

You can often see how a hero or heroine in a movie or play faints when he hears bad news or is very frightened. We usually associate fainting with events of this kind. But fainting can occur as a result of many reasons. People can faint due to being in a cramped and poorly ventilated room, due to hunger, fatigue, severe pain, emotional distress, and many other reasons.

The immediate cause of fainting is a lack of blood supply to the brain. Since fainting occurs quite often, it is important to know what to do in such cases. A person who feels that he is about to faint should be laid down. If this is not possible, make him bend over so that his head is at the level of his knees. The purpose of these actions is to get more blood into the brain.

If someone faints, lay them down and loosen tight clothing. Lower his head or lift his legs. Again, the goal is to increase blood flow to the brain. When a person regains consciousness, he can be given something tonic, such as coffee, or give him a sniff of ammonia.

Sometimes a person loses consciousness for some other reason. For example, from a blow to the head, shock, sunstroke, overheating, or even poisoning.

There are two types of unconsciousness, in which different assistance is provided. One of them is the "red" unconscious state. At the same time, the face turns red, and the pulse increases. The patient should be placed with the head and shoulders slightly raised. A cold compress should be placed on the head.

In the case of "white" unconsciousness, the face turns pale, the skin becomes clammy, the pulse is weak. The patient should be laid down with his head down and covered with something to keep him warm.

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