Why is D. I. Mendeleev the authorship in the discovery of the periodic law of chemical elements? Detailed answer

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Why is D. I. Mendeleev the authorship in the discovery of the periodic law of chemical elements? Detailed answer

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Why is D. I. Mendeleev the authorship in the discovery of the periodic law of chemical elements?

The discovery of the periodic law of chemical elements by D. I. Mendeleev dates back to February 17, 1869, when he compiled a table entitled "Experience of a system of elements based on their atomic weight and chemical similarity." It was the result of years of searching. Once, when asked how he discovered the periodic system, Mendeleev replied: "I've been thinking about it for maybe twenty years, and you think: I sat and suddenly ... it's ready."

Mendeleev had predecessors. In 1862, the Italian chemist S. Cannizzaro made a report on the role of the atomic weights of elements as the most important chemical tool. In the same 1862, the French geologist A. de Chanturquois found that the elements can be placed in ascending order of atomic weights in a special table, and elements with similar properties fall into the vertical columns. Regardless of Chanturqua, the English chemist D. Newlands came to the same conclusion. Almost simultaneously with Mendeleev, the German scientist L. Meyer proposed his own version of the table of elements. It was the periodic table that received recognition, who not only showed courage and skill in proving his views, but also developed them further than his colleagues.

First, Mendeleev's periodic table (so named for the periodic alternation of elements with similar chemical properties) was more complete than those of his aforementioned colleagues, and more similar to that which is universally accepted in our time.

Secondly, when the properties of an element forced Mendeleev to place an element outside the accepted sequence of atomic weights, he boldly went to change the formal order, based on the determining role of chemical properties, and not atomic weight. And every time he was absolutely right.

And thirdly, and most importantly, where there were not enough elements in the table to fill the cells, Mendeleev left empty spaces, boldly anticipating future discoveries of new elements. Based on the properties of the neighbors on the periodic table, he even quite accurately described the three elements that had yet to occupy free cells. Here he was accompanied by obvious luck: all three elements (gallium, scandium and germanium) were discovered during the life of Mendeleev, and he lived to see the triumph of his periodic system.

The Periodic Law has been universally recognized as one of the fundamental laws of chemistry. Thus, Mendeleev's prediction came true: "The future does not threaten the periodic law with destruction, but only promises superstructures and development."

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

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