Why is it necessary to take into account its group when transfusing blood? Detailed answer

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Why is it necessary to take into account its group when transfusing blood? Detailed answer

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Why is it necessary to take into account its group when transfusing blood?

Doctors have been giving blood transfusions to patients since ancient times. There was a time when they even tried to transfuse blood from an animal to people who suffered from a large blood loss, but it always ended badly. Transfusion of even human blood often led to the death of the patient, so there was a time when laws forbade doctors to perform this procedure.

In the last decade of the 1868th century, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner (1943-XNUMX) discovered that the blood of different people can be divided into groups and that there are groups that are incompatible with one another. He found that sometimes when one person's whole blood is mixed in a test tube with the blood serum of another person (serum is the liquid part of the blood left after red blood cells and clotting factors have been removed from it), the red blood cells of the whole blood stick together.

If this happens during a transfusion, the clumped red blood cells will clog the blood vessels and stop blood flow, which can lead to the death of the patient. This, however, does not always happen: sometimes the mixing of blood does not lead to the formation of dangerous clusters of cells.

In 1900, Landsteiner published the results of his research, laying the foundation for modern transfusiology, the science of blood transfusion. According to modern concepts, there are 4 main groups of human blood: A, B, AB and 0.

Each person's blood belongs to only one of these groups. If the blood of two people belongs to the same group, it can be transfused from one to another without any risk. Moreover, group 0 can be transfused to people with other groups (A, B, and AB), and groups A and B can be transfused to group AB. But if you transfuse blood of group AB to people with blood types A or B, or transfuse the blood of people with groups A or B to each other, or transfuse a person who has blood type 0, the blood of any other group, then this will lead to aggregation of red blood cells.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why can't animals talk?

There is a good reason why animals do not know how to speak "humanly", that is, to express thoughts with the help of words. Most intelligent actions performed by animals are the result of their inherited demeanor. This happens in ordinary, normal situations for them. However, when placed in completely different conditions, animals usually do not know what they should do. In this case, if the new conditions persist for at least some time, the animals try to learn how to behave in them by trial and error.

Neither way of "thinking" can lead to the emergence of the ability to speak, since this ability means the ability to use words as symbols for a real idea or object.

For example, the word "home" is a symbol for the place where we live with our relatives, sleep, eat, etc. Animals, however, are not able to use symbols and make combinations of them, as a person does, from due to an underdeveloped brain. When you watch a child learn to say the word "mom", you'll find how difficult it is to learn to speak. At first, the baby gets used to recognizing his mother at each new meeting. When this habit is fixed, the mother points her finger at herself, while saying the word "mother".

Over and over again, hearing a set of sounds, the child remembers it. Later, he becomes aware of the connection between the appearance of the mother and the word "mother" and thus begins to understand what it means. Then the mother shows the child how to pronounce this word. He repeats her actions until he learns to pronounce the word. He tries to say "mom" until his vocal cords and facial muscles start to act accordingly. Finally, the long-awaited day arrives when the last preparatory stage comes to an end. And now the baby, seeing the mother, recognizes her, remembers the word, makes the corresponding muscles work and says: "Mom!"

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