What living beings are the oldest on Earth? Detailed answer

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What living beings are the oldest on Earth? Detailed answer

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What living beings are the oldest on Earth?

In the early 1990s, American oceanologists discovered huge sea sponges on the ocean floor off the coast of Antarctica.

For 10 years, biologists regularly measured them. It turned out that at the growth rate that these sponges showed, they could reach their size in 10 thousand years.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Who Invented the Pen?

Writing was an important contribution to the development of civilization. It enables a person to write down his thoughts and deeds. Before the advent of the pen, people used various devices for writing letters.

For example, in ancient times, a person used a sharply sharpened stone to scratch an image on the walls of a cave. He dipped his fingers in the juice of plants and even in the blood of animals to depict something on the wall. Later he began to use chalk or pieces of clay. In China, fine brushes made of camel hair were used to depict hieroglyphs.

Perhaps the first feathers were invented in Egypt. The Egyptians attached a piece of copper to a hollow reed. The first letter was written in Greece almost 4000 years ago. Pieces of metal, ivory were used as a pen, and they wrote on tablets coated with wax. Then the tip of the feather from tubular plants was cut. It was dipped in a colored liquid, and the letters were applied to the papyrus.

With the advent of paper in the Middle Ages, people began to use the feathers of geese, crows, and swans as a pen. The tip of the pen was sharpened and notched, and the ink flowed down the pen. Interestingly, the English word "feather" comes from the Latin word for "bird's feather". Despite the fact that such feathers were short-lived, they were used for a thousand years.

Steel nibs appeared in England in 1780, but for more than 40 years they were not popular. The fountain pen appeared in America around 1880. The pen was made of gold coated with an alloy of osmium-iridium or pure iridium to prevent the pen from scratching. Inside is a capsule made of plastic or rubber, into which ink is collected.

The ballpoint pen is an invention of the twentieth century. Here the writing surface is a chrome-plated ball with a diameter of about one millimeter. Located in a nest, it rotates as it moves across the paper. The paste comes from the inner case.

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