Where did the Martian canals go? Detailed answer

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Where did the Martian canals go? Detailed answer

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Where did the Martian canals go?

The most famous astronomical discovery of the XNUMXth century was the channels that cross the surface of Mars in different directions.

Their discovery was announced in 1877 by Giovanni Schiaparelli, director of the astronomical observatory in Brera. By the end of the century, Percival Lovell, founder of the Arizona Observatory at Flagstaff, had mapped a complex network of dozens of Martian canals. At first they were considered natural reservoirs, but then a hypothesis was put forward about the artificial origin of the channels.

A heated debate flared up about whether there was an advanced civilization on Mars that built canals as a means of combating the planet's drying up. The controversy began to fade after the research of Vincenzo Cerulli, who proved that in fact the channels are the result of optical illusion and self-deception that occurs when observing beyond the limits of the human eye. In 1907, Schiaparelli acknowledged his mistake and the correctness of Cerulli, thus putting an end to the controversy. The well-known joker American Edward Barnard also brought his word into the discussion: working with the latest telescope of his time, he said that the power of this telescope was too great to be able to see the Martian channels.

Nevertheless, as the modern British astronomer Nigel Calder noted, "the spirits of Schiaparelli and Lovell can now afford a sly chuckle." In 1971, the spacecraft transmitted to Earth photographs of the surface of Mars, which depicted huge depressions, including a natural fault 80 kilometers wide, stretching for 5 thousand kilometers (fans of the "channels" put it on their maps at one time).

No signs of Martian civilization were ever found, but not all "channels" turned out to be just a figment of a heated imagination. In addition, giant volcanoes were discovered on Mars - the funny thing is that the joker Barnard saw them with his powerful telescope, but, fearing ridicule, did not dare to announce it.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is forestry?

Anyone who passes through our country sees so many forests everywhere that he may ask the question: why are we so anxious to protect them. Are there few forests, are there few trees in them? Approximately one third of the territory of the United States is occupied by forests. This is more than 250 hectares. Taking care of our forests is one of the most important tasks for the future of our country. This is given attention in the UK and in other countries.

First, imagine how much we get from the forest. Fruits, nuts, sugar are just some of the forest products. Houses, furniture, boats - everything is made of wood. Paper, fabrics, toys - the list is endless.

Second, forests reduce the risk of floods and help regulate water resources. A good forest has porous soil that easily absorbs water after heavy rains or from melting snow. If this water were not gradually absorbed into the soil, it would flow in torrents and cause flooding and soil erosion. And, of course, forests provide an opportunity for a good rest for millions of people. Caring for forests is called forestry and has been practiced in some European countries for hundreds of years.

More than 400 years ago England began to legislate to regulate deforestation, and in the XNUMXth century England began buying trees from other countries to plant! In most forests, aging trees need to be removed. Otherwise, older trees would take up all the space needed for younger, faster growing trees. In addition, uncut old trees eventually begin to rot and become useless.

After cutting down trees in some area, the vacated space is often planted by hand. In many places, however, it is nature itself that reforests. But in order to grow a good young shoot of trees of the required type in the place of cut down trees, great efforts and experience are required. Therefore, forestry has become a science.

The country with the largest forest reserves is Russia. In second place is Brazil, in third is Canada, and the United States is in fourth. Did you know that, despite all the measures taken, there are about 200000 wildfires in the United States every year?

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