BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
What future awaits our luminary - the Sun? Detailed answer Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What future awaits our luminary - the Sun? The sun was formed about 5 billion years ago and for at least 4,5 billion years, thanks to the reactions of converting hydrogen into helium occurring in its central regions, it has been steadily radiating warmth that is beneficial for us, the inhabitants of the Earth. According to modern astrophysical concepts, in 8 billion years the Sun will become a red giant. At the same time, its luminosity will increase hundreds of times, and its radius - dozens. This stage of the evolution of our star will take several million years, after which the swollen Sun will shed its shell and turn into a white dwarf. It is surprising that back in 1895, long before the emergence of theoretical astrophysics, the presence of a red giant stage in the evolution of the Sun was predicted by the English writer HG Wells in his novel The Time Machine, which opened the history of modern science fiction. Moving in time "in huge steps, each a thousand years or more," the hero of the novel watched the Sun "become bigger and dimmer," and then "the huge red dome of the Sun obscured a tenth of the darkened skies." Author: Kondrashov A.P. Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia: Was Tsar Ivan the Terrible a great ruler? Some historians believe that it was, but what is its greatness - they explain rather confusingly. At the beginning of his reign, Ivan the Terrible won two wars - he conquered the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates. All other wars started by Grozny were successfully lost. The capture of Kazan and Astrakhan somewhat weakened the Tatar threat, but did not eliminate it at all. Fifteen years after the capture of Astrakhan, the troops of the Crimean Khan approached Moscow. The tsar, who was stationed with an army in Serpukhov, fled to Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda, and from there to Rostov, leaving Moscow to its fate. Moscow was burned, more than 200 thousand people died in the fire, about 150 thousand more Tatars were taken away in full. What Ivan was really great in was his cruelty, which amazed people even in those merciless times. During the capture of Kazan, almost the entire male population of the city was slaughtered. When the tsar undertook to subjugate Novgorod, allegedly about to surrender to the hand of the Polish king, more than a hundred thousand people were killed in the city. People were executed in the most brutal ways, along with their wives and children. Mass executions accompanied Ivan's entire reign. He left behind a devastated, bloodless country.
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