What are solar flares? Detailed answer

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What are solar flares? Detailed answer

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What are solar flares?

Solar flares are strong explosions that cover large areas of the surface layer of the Sun. Flares usually appear in the centers of solar activity (for example, in a group of spots, sometimes between two spots that make up a magnetic pair) and manifest themselves as sharp increases in brightness.

The duration of flashes is usually tens of minutes, and sometimes reaches up to an hour. But the phase in which the main part of the energy is released lasts a few minutes and corresponds to the greatest brightness.

Solar flares are the most powerful of all manifestations of solar activity. The energy of a large flash is approximately 100 times higher than the thermal energy that could be obtained by burning all the reserves of oil and coal on Earth. However, in this case, the flash power does not exceed hundredths of a percent of the power of the total radiation of our star, and there is no noticeable increase in the luminosity of the Sun.

Flares cause a sharp increase in ultraviolet and X-ray radiation from the Sun, as well as a stream of charged particles, whose speeds reach 1000 kilometers per second or more.

Having reached our planet in a few hours, these particles give rise to auroras and electromagnetic storms, which sometimes lead to disruptions in the functioning of telecommunication networks and devices. So, for example, on September 2, 1967, a bright solar flare caused an almost two-hour cessation of radio communications throughout the Earth.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How old is the game of billiards?

Billiards (or pool) seems to lead a double life. For many years in big cities it was difficult to find a decent person in billiard rooms. Then billiards became the game of the aristocracy all over the world. The most glamorous houses and clubs had billiard tables.

The game is so ancient that no one can tell the year it started. Some authorities claim that it was played in ancient Egypt. In Greece, it was known in 400 BC. e. In the second century of the new era, the king of Ireland, Catkir Mor, left behind 55 billiard balls with a bronze cue. Saint Augustine mentions billiards in his Confessions, written in the XNUMXth century.

For various reasons, this game was mentioned by many famous writers in the XNUMXth and XNUMXth centuries. For example, in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra, Cleopatra says, "Let's go to the billiard room." Did you know that when Mary Queen of Scots was imprisoned, one of her complaints was that her pool table was taken from her?

The first description of billiards in England is found in a book with a complete description of the games of Charles Cotton, published in 1674. Judging from the pictures of the game played in those days, there were all kinds of obstacles on the table, such as rings, pegs and "knots". The player had to go around or pass through these obstacles without knocking them down.

Around 1800, the game began to resemble today's billiards. In 1807, a book was published in England - the first book written about this game - in which billiards is described very similarly to the modern one.

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