Are there any identical fingerprints? Detailed answer

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Are there any identical fingerprints? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

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Are there identical fingerprints?

In movies, on TV, in books, there are often situations when a person leaves his fingerprints on something. Then they are discovered, and this proves that it was he who was in that place. There can be no mistake. And why, we will now explain to you.

If you look at the pads of your fingers, you will see a network of small grooves. They contain our skin's touch receptors. Each person has his own pattern of these lines (imprint), which cannot be changed. If you burn the skin of the fingertips several times, then the same print will still appear during healing!

Fingerprints have several characteristics. But there are no people for whom they would completely coincide.

An expert can easily identify one hundred different characteristics of a print. This means that it has a hundred distinct groove patterns. Take, for example, the index finger. In order to find two people whose index finger prints matched at least only two of these characteristics, we need to examine 16 people, for three - already 64.

Continuing this procedure, we finally want to know how many people it takes to find two prints that match in all one hundred characteristics. In this case, we must examine all the people in the world who have only lived during 4 billion years! But this is only for one fingerprint! But we have 10 of them.

It is truly a miracle of nature that each of us has our own unique fingerprint that does not change throughout our lives.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How do mushrooms grow?

Mushrooms are wonderful plants. They have no roots, stems, leaves. They grow so fast that you think they are growing before your eyes. They belong to the fungal family, so they don't have the chlorophyll to make food for themselves. Some of them are delicacies, while others are so poisonous that to eat them means certain death.

The part of the mushroom that rises above the ground is the edible part. The rest of the plant lies underground as a mass of white intertwined threads. These threads are called mycelium, or mycelium. Mycelial filaments grow out of spores, and spores are tiny, dusty particles that fall from the cap of a fully mature mushroom. Whitish buds appear on these threads in the form of cones, they begin to grow, develop, and eventually they open in the form of an umbrella or other form characteristic of the fungus.

Most mushrooms have small round holes at the bottom of the cap, very close to each other. It is in these holes that spores develop. When ripe, the spores fall out and are carried by the wind. When the spores land on favorable soil, they develop into new fungi. Most mushrooms grow in moist shady forests or in gorges, where there is always a lot of shade, warmth and moisture.

There are mushrooms that, unlike these, grow in open areas, in the sun. But since mushrooms are made up mostly of water, most of them cannot live in dry, hot winds or in the hot summer sun.

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Traces of early life in precious stones 01.11.2021

Analyzing some of the world's oldest colored gemstones, scientists at the University of Waterloo, Canada, have discovered carbon remains associated with ancient life trapped in a 2,5 billion-year-old ruby.

The research team began to study the geology of rubies in order to better understand the conditions necessary for the formation of these stones. During this exploration in Greenland, home to the oldest known ruby deposits in the world, the team uncovered a gemstone specimen that contains graphite, a mineral composed of pure carbon. Analysis of this carbon shows that it is the remnant of early life.

The presence of graphite allowed scientists to analyze the isotopic composition of carbon atoms, which measures the relative amounts of different carbon atoms. More than 98 percent of all carbon atoms have a mass of 12 atomic mass units (carbon-12), but a few carbon atoms are heavier and have a mass of 13 or 14 atomic mass units (carbon-13, carbon-14).

"Living matter preferentially consists of lighter carbon atoms, because they require less energy to be incorporated into cells," the authors noted. "Based on the increased amount of carbon-12 in this graphite, we concluded that carbon atoms once were ancient life." Most likely, the ancient carbon is associated with microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria, which readily consumed carbon-12.

Graphite has been found in rocks older than 2,5 billion years, when the planet had little oxygen in the atmosphere and life existed only in microorganisms and films of algae.

During this study, the team found that this graphite not only links the gemstone to ancient life, but is also likely necessary for this ruby to exist at all. Graphite has changed the chemical composition of the surrounding rocks to create favorable conditions for the ruby to grow. Modeling showed that without this condition, rubies would not have been able to form at this location.

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