What stars are called red giants and what is their average density? Detailed answer

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What stars are called red giants and what is their average density? Detailed answer

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What stars are called red giants and what is their average density?

Red giants are huge cold stars. They exceed the Sun in diameter by tens and hundreds of times, and in mass - from 1,5 to 15 (supergiants - up to 50) times. Their surface temperature is 3-4 thousand degrees Kelvin.

Red giants have a complex internal structure. Their core is rich in helium with a small admixture of heavy elements, but is not a source of nuclear energy, since nuclear reactions do not occur in it. The density of matter in the core of a red giant is so high that its structure is close to that of a white dwarf. A thin energy-releasing layer is located around the core, where the thermonuclear reactions of converting hydrogen into helium take place. This is followed by a very extended shell, which occupies about 90 percent of the radius of the star. This shell contains more than half of the mass of the red giant.

Despite the high density in the core, the average density of a red giant is much lower than the solar one and, as a rule, does not exceed one milligram per cubic centimeter. Thus, the average density of the red supergiant Betelgeuse is only six ten-thousandths of a milligram per cubic centimeter, or 1/2000 of the density of air at normal atmospheric pressure!

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

When did chemistry appear?

Chemistry is the science that studies what objects are made of and how they can be changed. Modern chemistry grew out of a doctrine called alchemy. In the Middle Ages, alchemists were looking for a "philosopher's stone" that could turn other metals into gold. In an effort to do this, they conducted a lot of different experiments.

One of the first people who collected and summarized all the information about chemistry as a science was Robert Boyle, who lived in the XNUMXth century. He knew that chemical compounds could be broken down into their component parts.

Other chemists followed Boyle in making new discoveries. Josef Black studied gases and air. Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen - one of the elements that make up water. Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen, the most abundant element in nature. Antoine Lavoisier was the first to explain the nature of fire. He also proved that no substance can be destroyed. It just goes from one state to another.

John Dalton had the idea that all substances are made up of tiny particles of matter. Scientists have come to the conclusion that the essence of chemical transformations lies in the combinations of these smallest particles. Now they are called atoms. The idea of the existence of atoms made all the secrets of chemistry simpler and clearer. Chemistry as a science continues to develop, and today the chemist has become the creator of new substances. He learned to split molecules and combine them in various ways.

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Standard supporting 8K VESA Embedded DisplayPort 1.4a 12.02.2015

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