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Graphene may help fight cancer

27.05.2018

The laboratory discovery could be the first step towards significant progress in the fight against cancer. The key element in this case will be graphene, which has repeatedly shown its amazing properties in different areas.

Scientists at the University of California knew that graphene was capable of converting light into electricity (with a thousand times the light sensitivity of the materials used in modern cameras) and decided to test whether this electricity could stimulate human cells. During the experiments, it turned out that it can.

One possible use of this phenomenon could be to kill cancer cells. And since their resting potential is much lower than that of healthy cells, when cancer cells are destroyed by a photocurrent that disrupts the membrane, healthy cells will not suffer.

Of course, more research needs to be done first, as graphene can be toxic, and long-term side effects, if any, are not well understood.

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Yeast medicines 21.02.2022

Scientists have edited the yeast genome to produce a key ingredient in drugs for age-related dementia and Parkinson's disease.

Researchers at Imperial College London and the National University of Singapore have been able to turn friendly mushrooms into biofactories to produce a chemical compound, an alkaloid used in drugs for dementia and Parkinson's disease.

Today, this alkaloid is obtained from extracts of ergot, a parasitic fungus that infects wheat and rye. From 10 to 15 tons of compound are produced annually. Growing ergot in such volumes for medical purposes harms the environment. Therefore, the researchers decided to try an alternative method using yeast.

The scientists isolated genes from ergot and inserted many variations of them into the genome of baker's yeast to produce a cell that could make a key drug ingredient.

"Yeast has been a key part of human civilization for thousands of years, helping us bake bread and brew beer. But our relationship with this familiar microbe is evolving. We've been able to use fungal cells to act as miniature factories for producing drug precursors," says Paul. Fremont, professor at Imperial College London and one of the leaders of the study.

Baker's yeast was also one of the first cellular organisms whose genome was studied in detail. This made them an ideal model for genetic engineering. Using the same fermentation process used to make beer and bread, the modified yeast consumed sugar and produced about 2 mg of the compound in a 1 liter reactor.

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