What is a quasar? Detailed answer

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What is a quasar? Detailed answer

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What is a quasar?

Since 1963, astronomers began to discover unusual objects, which eventually received the name quasar (quasar - quasi stellar radio source - quasi-stellar radio source).

In a telescope (or in photographs), almost all of them are indistinguishable from stars. However, in terms of the intensity of radio emission, quasars are comparable to the most powerful radio galaxies, consisting of tens of billions of stars, and in the optical range they emit hundreds of times more intense than ordinary galaxies.

Quasars also have an increased intensity of ultraviolet radiation, emissions of gas and relativistic particles are observed. The exceptional compactness of quasars is striking: their dimensions are much smaller than a light year (in galaxies they are 50-100 thousand light years).

Quasars show the largest known redshifts of lines in the spectrum, and therefore are the most distant objects from us. Most of them are more than 10 billion light-years away from us - apparently, they formed when the age of the Universe reached only 2-3 billion years.

In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that an extended shell is located around the central body of a quasar, the luminosity of which corresponds in order to the luminosity of an ordinary galaxy, and the diameter is similar to the size of galaxies. On this basis, it is now generally accepted that a quasar is an anomalously active galactic nucleus.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What spiders are poisonous?

It is hardly possible to find a place in the world where there are no spiders. They can be seen at sea level, and on Mount Everest, in forests, in meadows, in swamps, in deserts and in holes underground. Many people are afraid of spiders because some species are known to be poisonous. All spiders, with the exception of two species, have venom glands. But this does not mean at all that spiders with poisonous glands can cause any harm to a person.

Spiders control their venom glands and use them on special occasions. For example, those spiders that weave webs to catch their victims do not use poison. Those who hunt their victims, or lie in wait for insects in flowers and seize them with their teeth, kill their prey with poison. All spiders, however, use venom for self-defense. When they are trapped and escape is impossible, poison serves as a last resort.

Very few spiders are venomous enough to be dangerous to humans. The only dangerous spider in the United States is the black widow. Its body is approximately 1 centimeter long, and it has a red hourglass-shaped mark on its abdomen. The bite of this spider can cause severe pain and cause a painful condition. Some spiders poisonous to humans live in Australia.

Large tarantulas, whose bites are considered fatal, as well as banana spiders, have not actually killed a single person. Their bite can only cause a swelling in the area of the bitten place, which can hurt for several days.

Most spiders are no more dangerous to humans than wasps or hornets. In fact, many spiders won't bite even when held in the hand. Therefore, with all spiders, except for the "black widow", you can feel completely safe. Undoubtedly, the most amazing property of spiders is their ability to weave a web. The substance from which the web is produced is formed in special glands in the abdominal part of the spider's body, and then this substance is squeezed out of the glands through many tiny holes at the end of the abdominal part. Liquid solidifies on contact with air.

The substance from which the web is made may have a different composition depending on the type of spider. The web is also of the most varied type, it can even be underwater!

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The robot goes to land 21.09.2007

Engineers at the Swiss Institute of Technology in Lausanne are experimenting with a snake-like robot they have built that can swim, crawl and walk. The "snake" 85 centimeters long has two pairs of legs that can rotate and thus serve as something like the wheels of an old steamer.

Using the remote control, by increasing the frequency of the signal in the "nervous system" of the robot, copied from the nervous system of the lamprey, you can switch it to different modes of movement. Relatively rare rhythmic impulses make the robot walk, faster ones lead to active rotation of pairs of legs, and the "snake" swims, and a further increase in frequency stops the legs, and the robot begins to crawl.

Biologists suggest that something similar happened in evolution, when the fish came to land and the fins turned into dads.

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