How was the Hollywood sign changed in honor of the decriminalization of marijuana? Detailed answer

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How was the Hollywood sign changed in honor of the decriminalization of marijuana? Detailed answer

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How was the Hollywood sign changed in honor of the decriminalization of marijuana?

In 1976, California partially decriminalized marijuana, replacing criminal penalties for possession of even small portions with monetary fines. In honor of this, several students changed the famous "HOLLYWOOD" sign to "HOLLYWEED" ("weed" in English is "weed"). The sign itself was not damaged, and the letters were transformed with a few pieces of cloth.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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New bonding material for batteries 15.03.2021

The Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology presents the results of a new study that promises a breakthrough in battery development. A new binder material developed by the Japanese shows a more efficient charge retention. Compared to the current performance of lithium-ion batteries, future battery systems can power electric vehicles and smartphones at a higher level.

There are many moving parts inside a battery. Each of these contributes to a decrease in performance. And now, the work carried out by scientists at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology is focused on such an important component of the battery structure as a binder material between the electrodes and electrolyte.

The bonding material plays an important role in protecting the battery's graphite anode, one of the two system electrodes. The binder material holds the particles together and keeps them in contact with the current collector. The current lithium battery binder is made from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). So, Japanese experts have found a much better alternative.

The new Japanese-made product was named: bis-imino-acenaphthenquinone-paraphenylene. A Japanese bonding material has been tested as part of an experimental half-cell battery with an anode protection that provides connection to the current collector. At the same time, a number of significant performance improvements were noted. First of all, due to the ability of the binder material to maintain capacity for multiple charge cycles.

There is improved mechanical stability, reliable adhesion to the anode and current collector. The new bis-imino-acenaphthenquinone-paraphenylene binder also showed better conductivity under finer structure conditions compared to the PVDF used today.

In a completely different way, the new binder material reacts with the electrolyte, which helps to increase the service life of the batteries. Microscopic scanning showed the appearance of small cracks no earlier than after 1700 cycles. Again, comparing with PVDF, Japanese scientists noted the appearance of large cracks in the PVDF structure after 500 cycles.

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