What is the Big Bang and how long did it last? Detailed answer

Free technical library

BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Free library / Directory / Big encyclopedia for children and adults

What is the Big Bang and how long did it last? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education

Comments on the article

Did you know?

What is the Big Bang and how long did it last?

According to the most accepted cosmological model to date, the universe arose as a result of the so-called Big Bang.

Before the Big Bang, there was no space and time. Only after the Big Bang, the Universe began to expand, creating that space and time in the four-dimensional dimension, which is called "space-time". Since it makes no sense from a scientific point of view to ask what was before the universe, in the same sense it is not necessary to ask what was beyond it, because "limits" did not exist. The universe does not expand in space, it expands with space.

The period of the Big Bang is conditionally called the time interval from "zero" to several hundred seconds. Modern scientific knowledge does not allow one to penetrate into the moment when the Big Bang began, and to capture that fraction of a second that was before "zero". The laws of physics known to us are unable to explain what happened between the beginning of the Big Bang and the instant 10-43 seconds after it began (this unimaginably small fraction of a second, expressed as a fraction with a unit in the numerator and a unit with 43 zeros in the denominator, is called time Planck), as well as being unable to create a theory of the very beginning of the Big Bang.

In an instant of 10-43 seconds the Universe was infinitely small, hot and dense. In the next negligible fraction of a second, it changed a lot - it expanded from an infinitesimal size to the size of a grapefruit with the release of energy and elementary particles - quarks and antiquarks.

Until the moment when the Universe lived ten thousandth of a second, protons and neutrons were formed from quarks. A second after the start of the Big Bang, the temperature dropped to 10 billion degrees; the universe was dominated by radiation and such light particles as electrons and their antiparticles (positrons). A little more than a minute after the start of the Big Bang, protons and neutrons began to combine with each other, forming helium nuclei, consisting of two protons and two neutrons.

Most of the helium nuclei that exist to this day in the universe were formed in the first quarter of an hour after the start of the Big Bang. And only after 300-500 thousand years, when the Universe, having expanded, cooled down to a temperature of 3000 degrees Kelvin, the electrons began to combine with the nuclei of hydrogen and helium, forming the first atoms, the cosmic cloud "rarefied" occurred and the Universe for the first time became transparent to light.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why do deer shed their antlers?

Deer are vegetarians: they feed on moss, bark, buds or aquatic plants. Deer are usually very shy and their safety depends on their speed. They usually feed at night. They have very good eyesight, and their hearing and sense of smell make it easy to detect danger from afar.

Deer come in many varieties, from the small pudoo only one foot tall to the large moose that can weigh over 450 kilograms. The main distinguishing feature of deer is the antlers. Almost all male deer have antlers, and female caribou and king deer also have antlers. Deer antlers are not hollow, like cows, but have a cellular structure.

Each spring, a male deer grows a new pair of antlers, and each winter, at the end of the mating season, he loses his antlers. Some varieties of deer have antlers that are single branches, while others can have up to 11 branches on each antler! Since the number of shoots depends on age, you can tell how old the deer is from the antlers.

In the first year of life, two button-like bulges appear on the deer's forehead. They are called "legs" and the deer never loses them. Each spring, antlers emerge from these legs, which grow back during the summer. In the second year, straight shoots appear from the legs, and in the third year, the first branches. As the horns grow, they are covered with a sensitive skin called "velvet". It is pierced by blood vessels that feed the horns and build up the bone.

When the antlers reach full size, two or four months later, the blood supply is cut off due to the appearance of a ring at the base of the antlers. This causes the horns to dry out and eventually fall off. Usually a deer rubs its antlers against the trees and this hastens their fall away.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ When did the first acrobats appear?

▪ What is bonsai?

▪ Why in the Moscow metro, in some cases, stations are announced by a male voice, and in another - by a female?

See other articles Section Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Artificial leather for touch emulation 15.04.2024

In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>

Petgugu Global cat litter 15.04.2024

Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>

The attractiveness of caring men 14.04.2024

The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Higgs boson lifespan measured 14.12.2021

Physicists working on the CMS detectorScientists for the first time managed to measure the lifespan of the Higgs boson - 210 yoctoseconds of the Large Hadron Collider, for the first time were able to accurately measure how long the Higgs boson lives. It was known that this elementary particle exists for a very short time: only less than one trillion billionth of a second, or 1.6?10-22 seconds.

But scientists needed to experimentally more accurately calculate the lifetime of the particle. This would allow them to understand its nature and find out if this value corresponds to the value predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics. And yes, it matched.

According to the theory, the experiments established only the boundaries of the lifetime of the particle or determined this property with a large error. Measuring the lifetime of the Higgs boson is a difficult task because its predicted lifetime is too short. One possible solution was to measure a related property, the width of the mass. The mass width is inversely proportional to the lifetime. In addition, it represents a small range of possible masses around the nominal particle mass of 125 GeV.

So physicists made the first measurement of the width of the Higgs boson (H) during the second run of the Large Hadron Collider. They focused on data on the transformation of Higgs bosons into two Z bosons.

Scientists for the first time managed to measure the lifespan of the Higgs boson - 210 yoctoseconds, which themselves are transformed into four charged leptons

Scientists for the first time managed to measure the lifespan of the Higgs boson - 210 yoctoseconds
Reconstruction of an event in the CMS detector where a Higgs boson candidate is accompanied by two high-energy particle jets (yellow cones). The candidate Higgs boson decays into a muon-antimuon pair (red bands) and a neutrino-antineutrino pair. The last pair cannot be detected in the experiment, which leads to the absence of a transverse momentum (purple arrow) with respect to the beam direction.

Scientists have obtained the first evidence of the formation of Higgs bosons outside the shell. The result suggests that the lifetime of the Higgs boson is 210 yoctoseconds - that's on the order of septillionths of a second, or decimal point, followed by 22 zeros - (+2,3/-0,9) x 10^22.

Other interesting news:

▪ Voltage regulator ADM8839

▪ Intel neuromorphic nose

▪ Wine with gold content tastes better

▪ Libyan desert craters

▪ Soft jellyfish robots

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Voltage converters, rectifiers, inverters. Article selection

▪ article But we make rockets. Popular expression

▪ article When did the first stoves appear? Detailed answer

▪ article Elderberry red. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Zaponovy varnishes from nitrocellulose. Simple recipes and tips

▪ article Peculiarities of operation of the power supply module MP-403. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews