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BOOKS AND ARTICLES Display offset in Adobe After Effects
There are two rarely used filters in the After Effects "Production Bundle, the Time Displacement Filter and the Displacement Filter. Both use the properties of one image to affect another. In this article, Philip Hodgetts will look at the action of the Displace Filter , then the Time Displacement Filter and finish with a discussion of making gradient images suitable for creating Displacement mapping Displacement Filter The Displacement filter (Filters/Distortion/Displacement) uses the Brightness value (Brightness/Luminance); Red, Green, or Blue Channel, or combinations of channels, to replace or shift pixels in the desired image. Displacement mapping is always based on brightness, even if the displacement occurs in only one of the color channels. The higher the brightness value in the source image, the greater the pixel shift in the final image.
Text displayed against the background of a radial gradient is distorted according to the shape of the gradient. In this example, the text, moving across the gradient, smoothly flows down into the "saucer" formed by the displacement map and returns to its original position. This type of Displacement map is extremely useful for creating a "flowing text" effect, where the text follows the shape of the image as it moves over the image. To make text follow a certain path over an image, a graphics editor (such as Adobe Photoshop or Pinnacle Commotion) creates a gradient that creates a "warp" in the desired part of the image. The exported frame or clip is used to form the gradient and the original image. If the image is panned or zoomed, the gradient may need to be animated in After Effects as a precomposite, or created frame by frame in Photoshop. (The displacement filter uses the displacement layer "as is" - any scaling or filter applied to the layer will have no effect until the layer has been converted to a precomposite).
Once the gradient is created, all that is required is to place it in the desired composition as the target layer (Target layer) (or pre-composition if animation is needed in the offset layer) and select it in the displacement filter settings pop-up window. The Displacement Map can be used to simply texturize a layer (although the Texturize filter will give the same result) or to give a layer pseudo-depth. Display offset can be used to blur (distort) an image so that different parts of the image appear at different levels and angles. The offset amount can be independently set in the horizontal or vertical direction, and in any of the color channels. For example, the red channel is vertical, and the green channel is horizontal. A displacement map can also be obtained using the "Ramp" filter from After Effects by creating a precomposite of layers, however this displacement will be limited to a linear or circular displacement. Time offset Like display offset, time offset uses pixel values in one image to affect another. But unlike display offset, it uses the values obtained from the offset layer to position pixels earlier or later in time. Time offset affects the image in such a way that any average pixel value (50% brightness) tells After Effects to display that pixel in the current frame. A value less than 50% will cause a pixel with that brightness value to appear in the layer later; a value greater than 50% will shift the pixel earlier. Consider a simple example with three vertical stripes: black on the left, gray in the middle, and white on the right.
With a maximum shift of 1 second, the center bar shows the pixels of the current frame, the black bar shows pixels 1 sec (max shift) earlier, the white bar on the right side shows the pixels of the same layer 1 sec. Later. If the midtone values are distributed between black, gray, and white, then the pixels in the layer are distributed between the current frame, a frame a second earlier, or a second later. Timeshift works especially well when there is a moving image with a relatively still background. This combination applies a time shift to the moving part of the image while the background remains normal.
Timeshift is great for creating any type of blur area, as well as for various fade in and fade out transitions. Displacement filter gradients can be created in any of the graphic editors such as Photoshop, Paint, etc. Ready-made gradients for displacement and time displacement maps can be found in the "Video Spice Rack" collection which contains over 300 images in PICT and TIFF format. The collection can be viewed at http://pixelan.com. Posted by Philip Hodgetts, philip@intelligentassistance.com, Intelligent Assistance, Los Angeles, CA USA; Publication: danchenkovideo.od.ua
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