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BOOKS AND ARTICLES
LIFE WORLD OF CHALLENGES IT NEEDS INTELLIGENCE
Books and articles / And then came the inventor
Creative problems have to be solved in all spheres of human activity. And these tasks are always based on a contradiction that must be overcome. Over time, theories of creative problem solving in science, art, administrative activities, etc. will be created. The first steps in this direction have already been taken. Particular theories will gradually merge into the General Theory of Strong Thinking. But this will happen in twenty to twenty-five years. It is necessary to develop creative thinking while working on inventive problems. Let's start with tasks that require only ingenuity and ingenuity to solve. These are problems “without physics”. Even third graders can do them. If, of course, you think carefully... Problem 57. HUNTER AND DOG The old hunter, going into the taiga, always took his dog with him. The dog looked for the animal, barked, and the hunter followed the bark. But trouble happened: the hunter became deaf. For a dog to detect an animal, it must be released and not kept with you. But then the hunter will not hear her barking, he needs to see the dog, keep it with him. Contradiction! And then he appeared... No, the inventor did not appear in the book from which this story was taken. The old hunter was starving and wondered what to do now. And in the end I found a way out of the situation. Let's try to solve this problem too. First, let's write down the conditions. Dog B1 created the acoustic field P (we denote this by arrow 1). The field affected hunter B2 (arrow 2). The hunter was walking towards the dog (arrow 3).
There was a wild boar, everything was in order... The hunter lost his hearing and stopped hearing the barking of the dog. The P field is there, but it is not perceived by the hunter. Let's show this with a dotted arrow:
The su-field is destroyed, P has no effect on B2, so B2 does not move to B1. What to do? Of course, the suggestion to keep the dog on a leash is not suitable. Suggesting the use of a hearing aid will not do either. The old hunter did not have such a device. When solving a problem, do not look for the answer at random. Re-read the section on Su-field analysis in Chapter XNUMX. The task is left to you to solve independently. The answer can be found in G. Fedoseev’s book “The Evil Spirit of Yambuya,” from which this hunting story was taken. Problem 58. THERE IS ALIBI, BUT... In one of the issues of the almanac "World of Adventures" the story "The Werewolf" by P. Bagryak was published. On the same evening, the story said, the gangster Morgan and the scientist Leo Lanzare were killed. The gangster Voith, a rival of Morgan, was suspected of the first murder, and Professor Greicher was suspected of the second. However, each of the suspects presented evidence of his alibi... In the end, the investigator convicted the criminals. But how did they manage to commit the crime while maintaining an alibi? Problem 59. ROBIN HOOD'S ARROW Robin Hood raised his combat bow, and the arrow, whistling through the air, rushed towards the scout sent by the sheriff... - Missed again! - exclaimed the director. - Two meters higher. Just think: we took a master of sports, a champion, as Robin Hood's understudy... “Let’s combine it,” the cameraman suggested. - We’ll film the shot separately, and the flying arrow separately. Then Robin Hood will come about three meters away, stand out of frame, and I will film the hit. He'll probably hit it from three meters away! Let's mount three pieces - and you're done. - In no case! - the director was indignant. - The audience knows this trick very well. You have to shoot continuously: here Robin Hood lets go of the bowstring, the arrow flies and hits the traitor right in the heart. And everyone can see that Robin Hood was shooting from afar. I need the truth of life. - Then shoot without me! - the artist playing the spy said angrily. He pulled out a tablet hidden in the top pocket of his jacket. - Robin Hood himself would not have hit such a target. Horror! I need to play, but I think about what will happen at the slightest deviation of the arrow... An understudy dressed in a Robin Hood suit approached, spreading his arms guiltily: - I wasn’t so worried even at the Olympics. At the last moment I involuntarily take over, I’m afraid to shoot a person... “Tomorrow there will be no such weather,” the operator sighed. - I wish I could film this episode today... And then an inventor appeared. - We'll definitely film it! - he said. - A little trick - and the arrow will hit exactly the place where the tablet is hidden. Filming resumed half an hour later. The episode was filmed without any difficulty. What do you think the inventor proposed? Let us clarify the conditions of the problem. Combined shooting is excluded. Robin Hood stands away from the spy, and the viewer sees the arrow fly and hit the target. Hidden in the jacket of the actor playing the role of a spy is a tablet (it is no larger in size than a postcard), and an arrow must pierce this tablet. The “target” is not only small, it is also mobile: the spy, seeing that Robin Hood has discovered him, comes out from behind the tree - here retribution overtakes the spy... You can check your answer by looking at “Pionerskaya Pravda” for June 12, 1984. We had detective tasks, as well as “movie” tasks. Do you want a “theatrical” task now? Problem 60. FLAG OF GASCON GUARDS
The theater was rehearsing Rost's play "Cyrano de Bergerac". The artists made wonderful scenery, the actors played excellently. But the famous director was unhappy. “Here are the Gascons repelling the enemy,” he told his assistant. - Above the position of the Gascons there is a flag on a high staff. This should be the center of the battle. But this is not felt. - Why? - the assistant director was surprised. - Cyrano fights in the thick of it, under the flag. “And the flag hangs motionless,” the director sighed. - Like a rag. The flag should sway in the wind and flutter. - And how to do it? - The assistant threw up his hands. - The stage is large, you will have to install a powerful fan behind the scenes. The noise will be like at an airport... I have no idea how to get the flag to fly without a fan. And then an inventor appeared. “Of course, the flag should flutter proudly in the wind,” he said. - There is an invention for which copyright certificate No. 800 332 has been issued... Maybe you can guess what the idea behind this invention is? Problem 61
An experimental setup was built at the Physics Institute. Its main part was a huge permanent magnet more than fifty meters long. The outside of the magnet was leveled and polished - the accuracy of the experiments depended on the smoothness of its surface. And suddenly disaster struck. Several kilograms of fine, powder-like steel powder fell on the surface of the magnet. Physicists were alarmed: how to collect this powder if a magnet holds every grain of it? It is impossible to blow off or wash off. Scrape it off? It will take a long time, and you will also ruin the smooth surface of the magnet. Dissolve powder with acid? But acid will eat metal too... And then an inventor appeared. "I'll go to the toy store," he said, "and clean the magnet in half an hour." There is an unnecessary su-field: two substances and a magnetic field. To destroy the su-field, you need to use a third substance. Which? The solution to this problem was recognized as an invention, and an author's certificate was issued. Meanwhile, even third-graders solved the problem correctly... Problem 62 If you have read “Running on the Waves” by Alexander Green, then, of course, you remember the wonderful monument on the square in Gel-Gyu. So, there was a young sculptor who decided to create exactly such a monument. “Running” was a success for him - light, swift, mysterious... Under her feet, the sculptor decided to place an even slab of lapis lazuli - a natural blue-white stone, surprisingly similar in color to the foaming sea. Fifty large stones were delivered to the workshop. To give each stone the shape of a cube, the fastest method was used: the surface of the stone was leveled using a torch. Sharp tongues of fire melted the stone, cut off irregularities, and smoothed the surface. Still, work went very slowly. Every now and then I had to remove the burner and check the surface: was it horizontal, did it have a slope or bend? Work was often stopped also because they were afraid that the lapis lazuli might overheat and crack... The sculptor was worried: Green’s anniversary was approaching, and “Running” had not yet been installed on the square... And then one day the sculptor’s daughter (she was in fifth grade) suggested a very simple method that would speed up the fiery leveling of the stone tenfold. The processing of lapis lazuli proceeded quickly - without pauses or interruptions. I wonder if you can guess what the girl suggested? Problem 63. IDEAL SOLUTION Friction welding is one of the simplest ways to join metals. One part is fixed motionless, and the other is quickly rotated. As long as there is a gap between the parts, the metal does not heat up. But as soon as a rotating part comes into contact with a stationary part, the temperature at the point of contact rises sharply, and the rubbing parts begin to melt. If you now quickly squeeze the parts, they will weld. At one plant it was necessary to build a pipeline from ten-meter cast iron pipes, connecting them by friction welding. But to rotate the heavy pipe, a bulky machine was required. And the pipeline passed through the workshops. The chief engineer decided to consult with his assistants. “The welding method cannot be changed,” he noted. - There must be friction welding. But the machine for rotating pipes will not fit in the workshops. And the pipeline must pass through three workshops... “Let’s stop the first workshop, disassemble the equipment, extend the pipeline,” suggested one engineer. - Then we’ll assemble the equipment and move to the second workshop. “Bad,” another engineer objected. - The workshop will stand... I propose to make a pipeline from short pipes, let their length be no more than fifty centimeters. A small machine will be required for rotation; we will stretch the pipeline without interfering with the workshop’s work. “It’s also not good,” the chief engineer sighed. - With short pipes there will be many seams, the pipeline will be unreliable. And we have no right to change the project: since ten-meter pipes are provided, that’s how it should be. And then an inventor appeared. “I offer the ideal solution,” he said. - What is the contradiction here? The pipe must be rotated for friction welding to occur. And under no circumstances should the pipe be rotated in order to dispense with a rotational installation. The ideal solution: the pipe rotates and at the same time does not rotate. To do this you need... What do you suggest? Problem 64. THE DEVICE WILL NOT FAIL In the workshop of a chemical plant there was a tank with a very caustic liquid. One day the foreman complained to the shop manager: - I need to know how much liquid flows from the tanks into the reactor. I installed different devices - metal, glass, but the liquid corrodes them... “The tank is made of metal that is indestructible,” said the chief. - Let's order a device from this metal. - It's a long time. - And if you measure the level of liquid in the tank? the chief asked. “There won’t be the required accuracy,” the master answered. - The fluid level changes slowly, try to keep track... And it’s inconvenient: the tank is right at the ceiling. And then an inventor appeared. “The device will work forever,” he said. - Measure not liquid, but... Try to solve this problem.
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