What was the boss thinking? Inventor

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WHAT THE HEAD THOUGHT

And then an inventor appeared (TRIZ)

Books and articles / And then came the inventor

TRIZ. What was the boss thinking?

So far, we have been talking about simple physical effects familiar to every schoolchild. There is more complex physics, at least the one that is studied in higher educational institutions. Knowledge of this physics gives the inventor more powerful tools.

Now we will analyze the problem, for the solution of which school physics is enough. And then I will explain what you can get beyond that if you use at least a "piece" of institute physics.

Problem 32. ICE ON WIRES

A beautiful sight - the wires of power lines covered with fluffy snow. But for electricians, this beauty does not cause delight. The snow melts and turns into ice. The layer of ice grows, the wires stretch under its weight and break.

In one northern region, there was a power plant located a hundred kilometers from the city. In winter, from time to time it was necessary to heat the line: a very strong current was supplied, the wires heated up, the ice thawed, fell. While the line was being heated, all consumers of the power plant had to be turned off. It was a severe winter, and the head of the station, fearing icing, ordered to turn off the power supply more often and heat the line. Factories stopped, lights went out in houses.

Complaints poured in, and the boss decided to heat less frequently. The wires began to break, the city was often left without electricity.

- What to do? - thought the boss, looking at the calendar. There were many months of northern winter ahead. - Technical contradiction: often heat the line - consumers will now and then remain without current, rarely heat the line - the risk of icing will increase. Nightmare situation...

And then an inventor appeared.

- Let's open the physics textbook for the seventh grade, - he said. - Let's complete the su-field and use the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction...

Why did the inventor mention the completion of the su-field? How to use electromagnetic induction?

Given a wire (substance) and an electric current (field). There should be no ice on the wire. So you have only one substance and field. To complete the su-field, it is necessary to introduce the second substance. This substance under the action of a conventional electric current will heat up and heat the wire. What is the trick here? The wire is made of a substance with low electrical resistance and does not heat up under the action of the current flowing through it. It is impossible to make a wire from metal with high resistance - the wire will be hot, but consumers will not receive energy. Physical contradiction: the resistance of the wire must be large and must be small ... The inventor suggested taking two substances: the wire remains an ordinary wire, but every five meters a ferrite ring is put on it - a ferromagnetic substance with high electrical resistance. Due to electromagnetic induction, a current arises in the rings, the rings quickly heat up and prevent the wire from icing.

A copyright certificate was issued for this decision several years ago. But the problem is easily solved by tenth-graders who know the basics of Su-Field analysis.

It would seem that everything is in order with the task - a good answer has been received. However, ferrite rings heat the line all year round. Can you imagine how much energy is wasted? Even in winter, there is no need to heat the entire line, but only those sections where the temperature is below zero. A new problem arises: how to make the rings themselves turn on at low temperatures and turn off if the temperature rises?

To solve this problem, you need to know that ferrite substances remain ferromagnetic only up to a certain temperature, called the Curie point. Different ferromagnetic substances have different Curie points. You can make rings out of matter with a Curie point of, say, five degrees. Then the rings will turn off by themselves if the air temperature exceeds five degrees, and they will turn on themselves at temperatures below five degrees.

The appearance and disappearance of magnetic properties upon passing through the Curie point can also be used in solving other problems. Remember this most interesting physical phenomenon.

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