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VISUAL (OPTICAL) ILLUSIONS
Other illusions and effects. Encyclopedia of visual illusions
At leisure / Visual (optical) illusions << Back: Stereo pictures, anaglyph >> Forward: visual distortion Aristotle's illusion If you cross the middle and index fingers on your hand and simultaneously touch the tip of your nose with the pads of these fingers with your eyes closed, then there is an illusion of doubling it.
Weber illusion Cold objects appear heavier than warm objects of the same weight.
Illusion of sound contrast The sound of the same strength against the background of quieter sounds seems louder than against the background of louder ones.
moon illusion The apparent (apparent) size of a celestial body - the Moon or the Sun - is about 1,5 times larger when it is low above the horizon than when it is high in the sky. This is really an illusion. You can verify it if you try to close the moon with your thumb at arm's length. It will equally hide both the ascending lunar disk and the planet at its zenith.
Müller-Schumann illusion After repeatedly lifting a heavy load, a lighter load seems lighter than it actually is, and, conversely, after lifting a light load, a heavier one seems even heavier.
Illusion Charpentier If you lift two objects that are identical in weight and appearance, but different in volume, then the smaller one will be perceived by the person as heavier.
Shepard illusion When the volume is increased, the tone is perceived as higher.
Bezold-Brücke effect The effect is to change the hue of the light as its intensity changes. By increasing the intensity of relatively long-wavelength light, such as yellow-green or yellow-red, for example, it will appear not only brighter, but "more yellow". In the same way, short-wavelength light, perceived as blue-green and violet, begins to appear blue as the intensity increases.
McGurk effect This effect is manifested in the fact that the auditory and visual information that speech carries interacts with each other and affects what we hear. In their original research, McGurk and MacDonald created conditions in which the auditory cues of a spoken syllable did not match the corresponding lip movements (McGurk & MacDonald, 1976). The subjects were shown a video recording of a person repeatedly uttering syllables with the same lips. ga-ga, while the phonogram reproduced the syllables ba-ba. When the subjects closed their eyes and only listened to the soundtrack, they accurately recognized the syllables. Moreover, when they saw only the movements of the lips of the speaking person, and the soundtrack was turned off, they quite accurately identified the sounds being pronounced as ga-ga (thereby confirming that we can read lips when necessary and that perhaps we do this much more often than we think). However, when subjects were simultaneously presented with conflicting auditory and visual stimuli, they heard sounds that were not present in either of them. For example, when the subjects saw on the screen a person whose mouth articulation corresponded to the syllables ga-ga, and at the same time an acoustic signal sounded ba-ba, most of them heard a completely different sound - Yes Yes! An interesting detail: most of the subjects did not realize the discrepancy between auditory and visual stimulations.
Purkinje effect Purkinje in 1825 noticed that the brightness of blue and red road signs is different at different times of the day: during the day, both colors are equally bright, and at sunset, blue seems brighter than red. At the onset of deeper twilight, the colors fade completely and, in general, begin to be perceived in gray tones. Red is perceived as black and blue as white. This phenomenon is associated with the transition from cone vision to rod vision with a decrease in illumination.
eye experiment Do a simple experiment: close your eyes tightly or lightly press on your eyes. Do you see any images? Remember them. Many see bright orange dots going from the edges to the center, in the center. After a few seconds, they curl up into spirals. Some see triangles and squares. Scientific explanation: Pressure on the eyeball leads to a slight excitation of the retina, this causes a stream of weak chaotic impulses in the direction of the optic nerve. For those who do not know - there is a visual "funnel" - a reduction in the number of neurons from layer to layer of the retina, the final signal going to the optic nerve is highly compressed and packed, and the encoding is similar to mpeg4, only even better. And no sound. All such signals are the result of passing a very weak homogeneous signal through a filtering and compression system. By the way, in the dark, these patterns can be seen simply with open eyes - here they are consciously discarded, that is, the background signal is always subtracted from the transmitted one. << Back: Stereo pictures, anaglyph >> Forward: visual distortion
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