The stick gets longer. Effective trick and its solution

EFFECTIVE FOCUSES AND THEIR CLUES
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The stick gets longer. Focus Secret

Spectacular tricks and their clues

Directory / Spectacular tricks and their clues

Focus Description:

Take a “magic wand”, which is a black cylindrical tube with white ends 30 cm long. Show it to the audience and, holding the ends, stretch it to the sides. The “magic wand” will become much longer before your eyes.

Focus secret:

The stick consists of two 20-25 cm tubes painted black, twisted and glued together from thick paper. At the same time, one of them fits tightly and at the same time freely onto the other. The ends of both tubes, approximately 5 cm long, are painted white.

Focus The stick gets longer

First, the tubes are put on top of each other so that the black end of the outer tube reaches exactly to the white end of the inner tube, and from the outside such a stick appears ordinary. Now, if you stretch it so that the black end reaches the opposite white end (but does not go beyond it), the stick will become longer than it was.

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Mars is poisonous to bacteria 04.07.2017

Scientists from the University of Edinburgh have found that the substances contained in the Martian soil, when exposed to ultraviolet light, are detrimental to bacteria. This means that terrestrial microbes, accidentally hitting Mars on spacecraft, will not be able to survive.

In 2008, NASA's Phoenix lander landed on Mars, which discovered perchlorates in the soil - perchloric acid salts that dissolve precious metals. Perchlorates, like perchloric acid, have very strong oxidizing properties, and scientists were interested because they could become an electron acceptor necessary for life processes in cells and, thus, a source of energy for living organisms, such as bacteria.

To find out how terrestrial bacteria would feel on perchlorates, scientists created a simulation of Martian conditions in the laboratory. They added potassium perchlorate, typical of Martian soil, to a breeding ground for the bacteria Bacillus subtilis, typical microbes that often inhabit spacecraft. This medium was then irradiated with ultraviolet light. The perchlorate concentration and wavelength were the kind that bacteria would encounter if they were on Mars.

As a result, all bacteria died after 30 seconds. The control sample, which was irradiated, but without the presence of perchlorate, lasted twice as long, and bacteria that lived on perchlorate without irradiation did not die at all.

Scientists tried to repeat the experiment with different conditions: they placed bacteria in a liquid medium to simulate the salt solutions that flow on Mars; created a microanalog of soil for microbes by placing microbes on plates coated with silica; they added other components that are present in regolith - hematite and hydrogen peroxide, but the result for bacilli was always lethal.

According to scientists, such toxicity of perchlorates is explained by the fact that, under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, they emit reactive oxygen species that are toxic to living organisms. According to scientists, the surface of Mars is completely unsuitable for the life of microorganisms, which means that you can not be afraid of the accidental introduction of terrestrial microbes to the red planet.

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