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EFFECTIVE FOCUSES AND THEIR CLUES
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Reversing arrow. Focus secret

Spectacular tricks and their clues

Directory / Spectacular tricks and their clues

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Focus Description:

Show the audience a piece of cardboard with an arrow pointing to the right. Place the cardboard behind the glass. The audience looks at the carton through the glass and sees an arrow pointing to the right.

Pour water into the glass, and the audience will see that the arrow in an instant turned over and now points to the left.

Focus Flip Arrow

Focus secret:

When water is poured into a glass, a lens is obtained that inverts the image. To make this trick work, experimentally select the distance between the glass and the cardboard.

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Random news from the Archive

Jupiter's aurora warms the planet's atmosphere 09.08.2021

Using data from the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, an international team of astronomers has created the most detailed thermal map of the gas giant's upper atmosphere, confirming for the first time that Jupiter's powerful auroras are responsible for heating the entire planet, according to a press service from the University of Leicester (UK).

Auroras occur when charged particles from the solar wind enter the planet's magnetic field. They spiral along the lines of force towards the planet's magnetic poles, striking atoms and molecules in the atmosphere, releasing light and energy. On Earth, this results in a distinctive light show that forms the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights. On Jupiter, material erupting from its volcanic moon Io results in the most powerful aurora in the solar system and high temperatures in the planet's polar regions.

Although Jupiter's auroras have long been considered the main culprits in the heating of the planet's atmosphere, earlier observations have so far been unable to confirm or refute this.

Previous upper-atmospheric temperature maps have been generated using images of just a few pixels. This resolution is not enough to see how temperatures can change across the planet.

In this paper, the researchers created five maps of atmospheric temperature at different spatial resolutions and examined more than 10000 individual data points, only mapping points with an error of less than five percent. The scientists found that high temperatures start within the aurora, as expected from previous work, but now they could observe that Jupiter's aurora - despite covering less than 10% of the planet's area - heats it all up.

Models of the atmospheres of gas giants suggest that they operate like a giant refrigerator, with thermal energy being diverted from the equator to the pole and "deposited" in the lower atmosphere at those pole regions.

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