Milk from water. Effective trick and its solution

EFFECTIVE FOCUSES AND THEIR CLUES
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Milk from water. The Secret of Focus

Spectacular tricks and their clues

Directory / Spectacular tricks and their clues

Focus Description:

You have two glasses half filled with water on the table. And with the words: “And now I will turn the water into milk,” make several magical passes with your hands over the glasses and pour both liquids together - the liquid will become white, like milk.

Focus secret:

Of course, there was no water in the glasses. Place five measuring spoons of calcium chloride in one glass, and the same amount of washing soda in another and fill with water to about a third of the glass. The solutions will look no different from water. Then when you merge them together, a chemical reaction occurs - a substance is formed that looks like milk.

Advice: the sediment quickly sinks to the bottom, and everyone will see that this is not milk at all, so without wasting time, quickly remove the pseudo-milk from the table and move on to another focus, or add a solution of hydrochloric acid to it in excess - and “milk”, instantly boiling, will become "water" again.

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Viscous liquid of electrons flowing in graphene 06.03.2023

For the first time, scientists have directly measured the "liquid flow" of electrons in graphene at nanometer resolution.

Physicists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have observed how a stream of electrons turns into an analogue of a viscous liquid when it encounters interference inside a conductor.

Graphene is a two-dimensional atom-thick carbon material arranged in a honeycomb pattern. It is a pure electrical conductor in which electrons practically do not feel resistance. For the experiment, the researchers added obstacles at controlled distances to the graphene and then applied an electric current through it.

"In the study, we show how charge flows around an impurity, and actually see how this impurity blocks current and causes resistance, which has not been done before to distinguish between gaseous and liquid electron flows," says Zak Krebs, a graduate student in the Wisconsin Physics Department. University of Wisconsin-Madison and study co-author

The study showed that at temperatures close to absolute zero, the electrons in graphene behave like a gas: they move in all directions and collide more often than interact with each other. In this situation, the resistance is higher and the electron flow is relatively inefficient, the authors note.

On the contrary, at higher temperatures (about 77 K or -196 °C), electrons begin to interact with each other, as a result, they begin to move like a viscous (Newtonian) fluid. This process resembles a river flowing around a rock. At the same time, the resistance in graphene is lower, and the electron flow is more efficient. The physicists found that regardless of the distance between the obstacles, the voltage drop was much lower at 77K than at 4K.

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