Metamorphoses. Effective trick and its solution

EFFECTIVE FOCUSES AND THEIR CLUES
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Metamorphoses. Focus secret

Spectacular tricks and their clues

Directory / Spectacular tricks and their clues

Focus Description:

The illusionist enters the stage, holding in his right hand, around the corner, a freely hanging bright shawl. Stopping in the middle of the stage, 3-3,5 meters from the ramp, he takes the shawl by two adjacent corners and holds it straight in front of him (Fig. 46). Then the host throws the shawl forward, without letting go of the ends from his hands, turns it with the back side towards the audience, the shawl rinses in beautiful waves in front of the artist. After repeating these movements 2-3 times, the performer stops for a moment, allowing the shawl to calm down, slowly raises it straight up in front of him and, moving his right hand back and down, just as slowly, but in reverse order, returns it to its original position, lowering it straight in front of.

Focus Metamorphosis
Fig. 46

The audience sees that in that moment a white flower appeared in the buttonhole of the left lapel of the magician's jacket. The next wave of the shawl up and down - and a bright tie appears on the magician. One more wave - and the nose on the artist's smiling face was saddled with glasses.

After each change in his appearance, the artist takes a short pause so that the audience can have a good look at the metamorphosis that has taken place. Another flight of the shawl up and down - and a top hat, an elegant headdress, is put on the performer's head. Another wave - and the magician holds a smoking pipe in his teeth. After that, the performer lowers the shawl, holding it by the corner in his right hand. With his left hand, he removes the top hat, smiling, bows to the audience and goes backstage.

This little fun trick is a hit with viewers. The artist leaves the stage to the applause of those present.

Focus Secrets:

The shawl with which the illusionist works has dimensions of 135x135 cm. A slightly curved, strong wire is sewn into one of its edges, in Figure 47, And it is shown by a dotted line. At the end of the shawl, which the magician holds in his right hand, four small tampons (see figure) are sewn from cotton wool covered with flesh-colored material, they imitate fingers, which allows the artist at the right time to hold the shawl only at one end with his left hand, taking away his right.

Focus Metamorphosis
Fig. 47

Entering the stage, the performer held a shawl in his right hand, in which the tampon fingers were hidden, while the wire was hidden from the audience by freely falling folds of the shawl. Taking the shawl in both hands, the performer bent down and took the opposite end of the wire under the cover of the shawl, and when he lifted it, it seemed to the audience that the artist simply stretched the upper edge in different directions. So the wire sewn into the hem went unnoticed by them.

Raising the shawl up above his head, moving his right hand back and slightly lowering this end, the magician removed his right hand, with its help he took out a flower from behind the neckline of the waistcoat and pinned it to the left lapel. Returning the shawl to its original position, the artist again grabbed the end of the wire over the tampons with his right hand.

This he did every time he raised and lowered his shawl.

The flower was made by a magician from a white nylon ribbon in the form of three rosettes tied together on a thread and superimposed one on top of the other (Fig. 47, B). A small yellow button is sewn in the center of the flower, and a pin is attached to its back.

A tie with an elastic band (fig. 47, B) is put on under the collar, and then pulled down under the waistcoat and in this position is fixed with a special hook attached to the belt of the trousers. Having removed the hook, the illusionist releases the tie and the elastic band instantly pulls it up, it remains only to fill the elastic band, if it has gone astray, under the collar, and the tie is in place; this operation requires no more than two seconds.

The glasses were hidden in a pocket under the left side of the jacket.

The cylinder was collapsible, hat. When folded, it is completely flat and takes up little space. For him, on the left side under the chest, a special pocket is sewn to the lining of the vest. The cylinder is opened by hitting the inner side of the bottom against the bent knee. If you do not have such a top hat, you can replace it with an elegant light cap. You need to put it on slightly sideways.

A smoking pipe can be hidden both in a pocket under a hollow jacket, and under a vest tucked into a trousers belt.

We can advise another "metamorphosis" - the appearance of a bright handkerchief in the outer breast pocket of the jacket. To do this, cut out a piece of cardboard equal to the width of the breast pocket and half the height of its depth. A small handkerchief is folded so that its corners stick out in one direction, with horns, and in this form it is attached to the cardboard. A cardboard with a handkerchief is stuffed in advance into the breast pocket of a jacket and hidden there completely. Under the cover of a shawl, the performer pulls the cardboard up, by the horns of the handkerchief, and the handkerchief "appears" in the pocket.

Author: Bedarev G.K.

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Taste preferences and human evolution 10.02.2015

When people talk about human evolution, they first of all remember the brain - indeed, we have it much more than our closest primate relatives. However, in order for the brain to increase, additional energy is needed. It is believed that a change in diet played an important role in the development of the human nervous system: our ancestors learned to eat food that had a lot of nutrients and which did not require large energy costs for digestion.

What could these high-energy products be? For example, starch-rich rhizomes and tubers, relatives of potatoes, sweet potatoes and other vegetables. Of course, special thanks must be said to the culinary skills of the ancient demihumans - as you know, heat treatment improves the digestibility of food, which means that the growing brain could get even more energy from boiled tubers. In addition, food that does not need to be carefully torn with teeth and chewed has reduced the load on the jaws, which, in turn, has allowed some of the resources that have so far been spent on the development of jaw bones, muscles, etc., to be directed to the nervous system. .

However, it is easy to say that our ancestors took and switched to nutritious tubers. For today's chimpanzees, for example, many nutritious plants, such as pumpkin, potatoes, yams, turn out to be unpalatable. Most likely, things were the same with our ancestors - they had to taste them somehow. George Perry of Pennsylvania State University (USA) and colleagues compared the genomes of modern humans, Neanderthals, Denisovans and chimpanzees - and it turned out that all three human species do not have the TAS2R62 and TAS2R64 genes encoding bitter taste receptors. Obviously, their loss led to the fact that the sensitivity to the bitter decreased, and our ancient ancestors were able to eat the bitter fruits of gourds, yams, etc. without much disgust.

In an article published in the Journal of Human Evolution, the authors discuss another difference between modern humans and prehistoric humans. Our genome contains an average of six copies of the salivary gland amylase gene (in general, the number of copies of the amylase gene can be up to twenty). But in chimpanzees, Neanderthals and Denisovans, only 1-2 copies were found. This enzyme breaks down starch, so perhaps by acquiring a genetic excess of amylase, modern man could get more energy from the notorious starchy tubers and pumpkins.

True, not everyone agrees with this scenario. Homo erectus, or Homo erectus, who is considered the immediate predecessor of modern humans and the common ancestor of Neanderthals, Denisovans, and you and me, could already be engaged in cooking, so that starch was made more available for digestion through culinary efforts. That is, according to Richard Wrangham and Rachel Carmody of Harvard (whom we recently recalled about the correct calculation of calories), excess amylase in saliva was needed not so much for starch processing, but for some then other purposes.

The fact that Neanderthals are inferior to modern humans in terms of amylase genes was already known from previous studies. For a long time, it was believed that the multiplication of enzyme genes happened when a person domesticated plants and took up agriculture. However, as George Perry and his colleagues found, new copies of the gene appeared after modern humans broke away from a common ancestor with Neanderthals (which happened about 600 years ago), and before they began to grow the first cultivated plants (about 000 years ago). years ago). That is, the oldest hunters and gatherers already had extra amylase genes with them, although they themselves had not yet grown anything. However, nothing prevented them from preparing the fruits they found. The bitter taste also weakens during heat treatment, but, probably, in this case, in order to completely get used to the bitter tubers, it was also necessary to get rid of some "bitter" taste buds.

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