Alexander Graham Bell. Biography

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Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922). Biography of a scientist

Directory / The life of remarkable physicists

Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922)
Alexander Graham Bell

For relative measurements, engineers often use the decibel unit. And what is it? "Deci" is a prefix meaning in Latin one tenth of something. What remains is the name of the great scientist and inventor Alexander Graham Bell, who made one of the greatest inventions in the world - the telephone.

Bell was born on March 3, 1847 in the capital of Scotland, Edinburgh. He studied at the local university, and then in London. The most interesting thing is that by education Bell was a physiologist, or rather, a deaf teacher, i.e. taught the deaf to speak. In 1870, Bell emigrated to Canada, and in 1871 he moved to the United States, where he founded a school for deaf children. The school soon became part of Boston University, and Bell became a professor of physiology at that university. Since the age of 18, Bell has been fascinated by the idea of transmitting human speech over wires.

He formulated the main ideas for constructing a telephone in 1874 and then filed an application for a patent. On March 7, 1876, Bell received US Patent 174465. This day can be considered the birthday of the telephone. The very first phrase transmitted over the phone was this: "Mr. Watson, come here, I need you." Bell's assistant Watson was in the next room, and Bell, conducting an experiment, knocked over a retort of acid and urgently transmitted a message by phone. Throughout 1876, Bell demonstrated the operation of the telephone to the general public. Thanks to this, with the help of sponsors, the Bell Telephone Company, one of the most famous companies in the world, was founded in 1877 (in particular, the transistor was discovered in the company's laboratory in 1947).

Later, Bell invented a photophone - a device for transmitting a human voice using light rays, an audiometer - a device for measuring sound level, an induction balance (in fact, the first metal detector) and many other devices. It should not be thought that Bell was only a physiologist and engineer. He was the founder of the US National Geographic Society and its first president. After 1895, Bell became interested in aeronautics. He built kites and even built one that could lift a man into the air. Applying the principles of aeronautics to the construction of boats, he built a boat with a water-repellent coating, which in 1917 managed to reach a speed of 113 km / h. This record stood for over 20 years.

At the same time, Bell did not stop working on deaf education, physiology, and eugenics. In 1918, his book "Length of life and conditions associated with its extension" was published.

Alexander Graham Bell died on August 2, 1922 and is buried near his home in Baddeck on Cape Breton Island off the coast of Canada. There is a museum in this house, which is funded by the Government of Canada.

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