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ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
simple experiments. Chemical experiments
Entertaining experiences at home / Chemistry experiments for children Experiments with transformation invisible to visible, and some other experiments you have done can be safely shown as tricks. However, magic tricks make a much stronger impression if they are shown in succession, one after another, surrounding what is happening with mystery, incantations and slow passes of the "magic wand" ... We will not disclose the chemical essence of tricks (and it is not so complicated). Find it yourself, and then you will not only entertain the audience, but also replenish your knowledge. Quantitative ratios must be observed, but not very strictly. In order not to weigh the reagents each time, make measuring spoons out of wood that can hold about 10 mg of dry reagent. You can also use plastic spoons, which are applied to some powdered medicines. Each time we will explain how many such measurements need to be taken. First - a trick with the transformation of water into milk. In one glass, place five measuring spoons of calcium chloride, in the other - the same amount of sodium carbonate (washing soda) and fill with water to about a third of the glass. Solutions will look no different from water. Pour them together - and the liquid will turn white, like milk. Without wasting time in vain (otherwise the sediment may sink to the bottom, and everyone will see that this is not milk at all), add an excess of hydrochloric acid to the liquid - and the “milk”, having instantly boiled, will again become “water”. Now the trick is a little more complicated - the water in it will turn not only into milk, but also into ink. Three glasses are needed for the focus. Pour two tablespoons of barium chloride (or strontium) into one, one spoonful of tannin into the other. Pour half a teaspoon of water into both glasses. The powders at the bottom will dissolve after stirring, and there is so little water that from a distance the glasses will seem empty to the audience. In the third glass, place five spoons of double ferrous sulfate and ammonium FeSO4(NH4)2SO4 (Mora's salt). Fill this glass almost to the top with water. Everything is ready for focus. In front of the audience, take the third glass, with Mohr's salt, and pour a colorless solution from it into the "empty" glasses. In one of them (where there is barium chloride), water will instantly turn into "milk", in the second - into "ink". The next trick is not a bit more difficult. In a test tube with water, dissolve two tablespoons of cobalt chloride (you made invisible inscriptions with its solution). Soak a white cotton handkerchief in this solution and dry it. The scarf will turn blue. The trick is that you show the audience a blue handkerchief, and then crumple it and squeeze it in your hand. If you blow hard on the handkerchief several times, it will become moist and turn white again. Unclench your fist and show the white handkerchief to the audience. By the way, it can be used several more times: after drying, the handkerchief will turn blue again. For another trick with a color change, you will need three salts: red blood, sodium salicylate and Mohr's salt. All these substances need very little, one spoon each; Dissolve them individually in test tubes half-filled with water. The essence of the trick is that red blood salt gives a blue color with Mohr's salt, and sodium salicylate gives red. If you lightly outline the outline of the drawing on paper with a simple pencil, and then moisten it with a brush with two solutions: red blood salt and sodium salicylate - and let it dry, then the audience will not even notice that something has been applied to the paper. "Hang the sheet on the wall and run it over it with a brush dipped in Mohr's salt solution (tell the audience that this is ordinary water). The drawing will instantly, right before your eyes, turn red and blue. Another traditional trick is how to light a candle without fire. You probably know the principle of this trick, but a lot depends on its design. We advise you to do so. Pour stearin or paraffin on the outside of a glass test tube to make it look like a candle. Close the test tube with a metal cap with a hole through which the wick will pass. Pour some alcohol into the test tube so that it soaks the wick. After that, also fill the cap with stearin or paraffin so that only the wick looks out. "Candle" is ready. Your magic wand will be an ordinary glass rod, at the end of which you will pick up quite a bit of slurry of potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid. Warning: prepare the mixture in very small quantities, necessary for only one experiment! Do not touch the mixture with your hands! How to furnish this experience, you yourself will probably figure it out (do not forget about passes and spells). And then touch the wick with a stick - and a flame will immediately flare up at the end of it. Experiments-tricks with a color change look very peculiar when they use not just aqueous, but thickened solutions. The thickener may be sodium silicate, an aqueous solution of which is called liquid glass. Office silicate glue diluted twice with water is quite suitable for focus. Pour some calcium chloride solution into a glass and add one or two drops of phenolphthalein. In another beaker, add sodium silicate solution. As soon as you pour the first solution into it and shake the mixture, it will, of course, turn red, and even more curiously, thick, like fruit jelly. Instead of calcium chloride, you can take 3 measures of magnesium sulfate (pharmacy bitter salt), add water, shake and add a few drops of sodium silicate solution. After stirring and this time, a "jelly" is formed, only not bright red, but pale pink. Colored silicate jellies allow you to "draw" magical pictures. Make a sketch of the drawing, and moisten the places that should be painted with a colorless solution of phenolphthalein. Moisten another sheet of paper with a solution of sodium silicate - also colorless. Press the sheets against each other and after a few minutes (in the meantime you can perform another trick) carefully separate the sheets. The picture "by itself" became red! For the initiated, there is nothing surprising - after all, sodium silicate solutions have an alkaline reaction ... And the last trick, also promised earlier, is with the transformation of "water" into "blood". Prepare an opaque vessel, for example, pasting a glass jar with colored paper; for more mystery, draw alchemical symbols on paper. Pour water into the jar. Prepare some clean glasses. Generally speaking, three is enough, but in order to give the audience the impression that transformations are very difficult, take five or six glasses. Pour four tablespoons of potassium hydrogen sulfate into one glass or drop a few drops of acetic acid and mark for yourself (but so that it is not noticeable to the audience) this glass so that it can be immediately distinguished from the rest. Pour a spoonful of soda ash into another glass, a few drops of phenolphthalein solution into the third. Pour dry reagents with a small amount of water and stir until dissolved. Now you can show focus. First of all, convince the audience that the jar is plain water; and since it is so, you can take a few sips from the can as proof. And then fill all the glasses with water from the jar. Absolutely nothing will happen. Pour all the water back into the jar from all but one of the sodium hydrogen sulfate (or acid) glasses. The liquid in the jar will turn red like blood, and the audience will be convinced of this as soon as you pour it back into the glasses. Again, pour the contents of the glasses into the jar - this time from all the glasses without exception. The liquid will discolor, the "blood" will turn into "water", which you will again pour into glasses. However, you don't have to drink it. The experience is simple, but quite effective, if, of course, you do not forget about the spells... Author: Olgin O.M.
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