Expansion of bodies from heating. Fun physical experience at home

ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
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Expansion of bodies from heating. Physical experiments

Entertaining experiments in physics

Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children

Since ancient times, man has learned to use fire: he cooked food, heated rooms, melted ore to obtain metal. Much later, man learned to use heat to run machines.

Heating imparts certain new properties to bodies. Bodies can expand or contract not only from stretching and squeezing, but also from heating or cooling. The smallest expansion is observed in solid bodies, the largest - in gases. It was found that when heated by 1 ° C, each meter of iron lengthens by 0,012 mm, aluminum - by 0,024 mm. When heated by 1 ° C, the volume of a gas increases by 1/123 of the volume that the gas has at 0 °.

However small these quantities may be, they are always taken into account in technology. So, for example, large railway bridges are fixed only at one end, and the other end is laid on rollers. Just look at the railroad tracks: there is always a gap at the junction of two pieces.

If the rails are placed close together, then in the summer, in extreme heat, they will lengthen and may burst. Due to the equal expansion of iron and concrete, it became possible to use reinforced concrete buildings.

The device of the thermometer is also based on the thermal expansion of mercury or alcohol.

Make a simple model that clearly shows the effect of heat on metals. Between two bars, rigidly fixed on a plank, pull in parallel, at a distance of 3 mm from each other, 2 copper or iron wires with a cross section of 0,2-0,3 mm. From a thin tin, cut an arrow 110-120 mm long, which should be installed horizontally.

Expansion of bodies from heating

One has only to bring the match to the wires and warm them up, as the arrow will move, and when it cools down, it will return to its original position.

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