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ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
Turbine. Physical experiments
Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children The driver of the electric train turns the handle - and the motors sing their song. Wheels rumble, telegraph poles flicker outside the windows. Let the passenger sleep on the top shelf. And sleeping, he rushes faster than the wind! You flip the switch and a bright light comes on in the room. The night has turned into day! You turn on an electric refrigerator - and on the hottest day frost and ice form in its chamber. Summer has turned into winter! You take ice cubes from the refrigerator, put them in an electric kettle... After a few minutes, a jet of steam comes out of the kettle. The ice has turned to boiling water! You turn on the radio... An artist performing perhaps a thousand miles away can be heard as if he were singing in your room. The distance is gone! Aren't these all fabulous wonders? "Of course not! - you say. - What's so fabulous about it? The most common thing is electricity!" Indeed, electrical energy has become the most common thing. It is produced for us by special machines - generators. They work in power plants. Only in order for the generators to provide electrical energy, they need to be twisted. Spin without stopping, day and night. To twist with such force that all the electric bulbs burned, all the electric trains rushed, all the machines in the factories spun. So that all scrambled eggs are fried on electric stoves, all dumplings are frozen in refrigerators, all radios and TVs work ... Who turns the generator? What mighty giant has the strength to do that? Such a gigantic machine is called a turbine. From the word "turbo", which means "vortex". Turbines are water, steam and gas. Jets of water, steam or hot gas hit the blades of the turbine wheel with great force and make it spin. A large turbine - as tall as a house. And you can make the smallest one yourself. Take the cork and put it on your knitting needle. Poke six holes around the circumference of the cork with an awl or the sharp end of scissors. Insert bird feathers into the holes. Goose or duck feathers are best suited. They are not afraid of water at all. Worst of all chicken: they get wet easily.
It turned out a wheel with six blades. Pick up two knots with forks and stick them along the banks of the stream. Put the ends of the knitting needles in the forks. A jet of water will hit the wheel blades. The turbine will spin! If you live in a city, you can simply pick up knots with forks and put the turbine blades under a stream of water from a tap.
Well, how to make a small steam turbine? This is also easy. You already have a wheel with blades. The only thing missing is a jet of steam. Where to find it? Yes, here it is, beating from a boiling kettle! Wrap bare or enamelled copper wire several times around the spout of the teapot. Of course, the kettle should be cold at this time. After all, a real turbine will also be built first, and then a fire is kindled under the boiler. Wrap the ends of the wire once around the spoke sticking out on both sides of the cork. Check if the turbine wheel turns freely in front of the kettle spout. If it catches from the sides, bend the wire. If the ends of the feathers catch, you can cut them with scissors. When the wheel spins without interference, the turbine can be started up. Pour water into the kettle. Just a little so that the opening of the spout from the inside is free. Put the kettle on the fire. When it boils, a jet of steam will come out of the spout. And your steam turbine will spin!
You can admire this spectacle for a minute or two. It’s not worth it anymore: after all, you poured a little water into the kettle. She'll be out soon. And one more condition. Keep your hands and nose away from the kettle so you don't burn them with steam! Author: Galpershtein L.Ya.
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