Horn. Fun physical experience at home

ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
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Horn. Physical experiments

Entertaining experiments in physics

Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children

At sports competitions, during filming and on ships, for negotiations with a neighboring ship, they usually use an electric megaphone - a device that amplifies sound. For a long time, when there were no megaphones yet, commands were given to an ordinary mouthpiece. You can also make yourself a mouthpiece, only paper.

The pattern for the horn is given in the figure. Take a sheet of drawing paper and draw a straight line 350 mm long along the edge. Place the leg of the compass at one end of this line and draw two arcs: one with a radius of 70 mm and the other with a radius of 350 mm. With the help of a protractor or square, set aside an angle of 60 ° from a straight line. If you don’t have a protractor or a square, you can build an angle of 60 ° in another way. After you draw an arc with a radius of 350 mm, move the leg of the compass to the right end of the line and make a notch on the arc with the same radius. By connecting this notch to the left end of the line, you get an angle of 60 °. Draw a second straight line at this angle.

You need to leave an edge for gluing the horn. To do this, draw another straight line from the outside of the pattern. Cut out the finished pattern and glue a cone out of it. To prevent the gluing from coming apart, place the cone on a flat board and pin through the seam with five or six thumbtacks at regular intervals. Do not remove the speaker from the board until it is completely dry. You can also glue a paper pen to it to make it easier to hold, but this is not necessary.

Bullhorn

Bring the mouthpiece to your mouth - and the sound of your voice will noticeably increase. Do you think because the horn does not allow the sound to diverge in all directions, but collects and directs it to the listener? This is not entirely true. After all, the sound, as you will soon be able to see for yourself, is amplified not only in front of the horn, but also from the sides and even behind.

The point here is that sound is air vibrations. But there is a lot of air around, and your throat is not so big. It is difficult to immediately shake all the air, set it in motion. And if you put a mouthpiece to your mouth, you will first only have to pump the air in its neck. It is not hard. Further, air waves will run along the horn, as a wave ran along a rope. The horn gradually expands - and the waves will expand. They will run to the end, and the exit hole is so big. Like a wide mouth!

Author: Galpershtein L.Ya.

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