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Cloned sheep age normally

03.08.2016

The world's most famous sheep, Dolly the Sheep, was born in 1996 as a result of a procedure called nuclear transfer. Its essence is that a nucleus with its own genetic material is taken out of the egg, and in return for it a foreign nucleus is introduced, taken, as in the case of Dolly the sheep, from the cell of the udder of another sheep.

As you know, the number of chromosomes in germ cells, in spermatozoa and in eggs is haploid, that is, single. During fertilization, another single set, the paternal one, comes into the egg with the sperm, and, having acquired a double, that is, a diploid set of chromosomes, the egg starts the program for the development of the organism. Ordinary cells, which make up the whole body, contain precisely a double set of chromosomes.

In the case of a nuclear transplant, when the egg contained a diploid set of chromosomes from the udder of an adult sheep, the egg also began to divide, as if it had been fertilized; to get a full-fledged sheep, the developing egg was injected into a surrogate mother. An egg was taken from one animal, an udder cell from another, but the result was a copy - a clone - of the one from whom the genetic material was taken. It is also worth adding that the sheep, of which Dolly became a copy, was already dead at the time of the experiment, and its cells were stored frozen.

Dolly left behind six lambs, but lived half as long (6,5 years) as the average sheep live - she developed osteoarthritis, and soon had to be euthanized altogether due to a progressive lung disease caused by a virus. And, although it was not the cloning procedure that was blamed for her illnesses, but the conditions of detention, there were still suspicions that the organism that was born in this way would have some kind of malfunction in the genes and cells, and that it would age faster.

But Dolly was not alone: a few years later, the same team of researchers received 17 more cloned sheep, some of which carried the same genetic material as Dolly and came from the same tissue samples as her. Scientist Kevin Sinclair and his colleagues at the University of Nottingham report that seven- to nine-year-old cloned animals living today are physiologically no different from ordinary sheep.

Both were compared on a range of parameters, including blood pressure, skeletal muscle status, and metabolic parameters, and joint status for arthritis was assessed using tomography. It turned out that the pressure, and the level of sugar in the blood, and the sensitivity of tissues to insulin (which can be used to judge the threat of type XNUMX diabetes) in all cloned specimens are normal for their age; some, however, had some signs of arthritis, but no one suffered from this disease clinically. So it is quite possible to conclude that no accelerated aging occurs with cloned organisms.

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