The ancestor of the camera. Fun physical experience at home

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The ancestor of the camera. Physical experiments

Entertaining experiments in physics

Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children

The camera obscura has long been known. It may well be that it was first created as a very simplified model of the human eye. Light from brightly lit objects passes through a small hole in the front wall of the dark box, and a reduced, inverted image appears on the frosted glass inserted in its back wall.

By the way, our eyes also see everything upside down, but the brain flips this image so skillfully that we do not experience any inconvenience.

But although the camera obscura has been known for a long time, it was only in the middle of the last century that they figured out how to fix its image on a plate in order to get a photograph.

To make a camera obscura, take a tall (liter) milk carton, wash it well with warm water and soap, dry it and cut off the top of it at a distance of 12 centimeters from the bottom. Cut a hole in the center of the bottom with a diameter of 2 centimeters. Outside, seal it with thin paper and paint over with black ink. Paint the entire box inside with ink too. From the cut off top of the box, cutting it along one of the edges, glue a slightly reduced insert so that it fits snugly into our box. Paint it inside with mascara too. Then glue one of its ends with thin (writing) paper, and when the glue dries, wipe the paper with a cotton swab moistened with vegetable oil.

Pierce the center of the bottom of the box, where the black paper is pasted, with a needle. Slide the insert into the box (grease paper should be at the inside end). Having covered yourself with black cloth, point the box with its small hole at the window. This is best done in a room on a bright, sunny day so that everything outside the window is well lit. On oiled paper, you will see an image of a window and everything that is behind it. The image will be inverted, but very pale. The paleness of the image is due to a small hole in the front wall of the camera: it transmits little light. Slide the insert in and out and see how it affects the image.

The ancestor of the camera

Start gradually enlarging the hole. The image will become brighter but less sharp. If you have a biconvex lens, then, having increased the hole to the size of a penny coin, attach the lens to it and, pushing and pulling out the insert, watch what happens on the oiled paper. By moving the insert, you can achieve a clear image.

With such a camera, one can even take a photograph by replacing the oiled paper with a photographic plate or film. But our camera is too primitive for that. The camera for photographing should be completely impervious to extraneous light. It must have a shutter to provide the desired shutter speed. And in general, making a camera yourself does not make any sense. There are now inexpensive devices on sale with which you can get great pictures. And our task was to trace how an image appears in the camera, and to get acquainted with the distant ancestor of modern cameras.

Author: Rabiza F.V.

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