PS one: circuit diagram. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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In addition to the system unit (console), the PS one package includes a DUAL SHOCK joystick, an external power adapter and a cable for connecting to a TV. There is no demo CD. The cable and joysticks of all "PlayStation" models are unified. The schemes of the processor board and network adapter located in the system unit are discussed below. These are not official documents of the IVP manufacturer, they are the result of the analysis of printed circuit boards of several copies of the set-top box. The positional designations of most elements are given in accordance with the markings on the boards. Unfortunately, chip resistors and ceramic chip capacitors installed on the processor board are not marked. Therefore, the numbers in their reference designations do not correspond to the "branded" ones. The nominal power of chip resistors is determined by their sizes: 1206 - 0,25 W; 0805 - 0,125 W; 0603 and 0402 -0,063 W.

PROCESSOR BOARD

The complete scheme of this main component of the video set-top box is conditionally divided into several. Rice. 1 contains the nodes of the IVP computing system, which is based on a 208-pin VLSI 1C 103 CXD8606CQ. In addition to a 32-bit RISC processor core compatible with the R3000A from MIPS, it contains program memory (4 KB), data memory (1 KB), a general-purpose register block, a GTE (Graphic Transfer Engine) graphics accelerator, direct memory access controllers , interrupts, external dynamic RAM and cache, three 16-bit counter-timers, two serial I / O ports, JPEG decoder. The processor is clocked by the CLK signal. The RES signal is sent to CPU pin 76 through the R25C115 circuit, setting the system to its initial state. Low-resistance resistors connected in series in the circuits of some VLSI outputs serve to eliminate the "ringing" on the pulse drops.

(click to enlarge)

With a high-speed 32-bit CD0-CD31 data bus and a CA0-CA9 address bus, the CPU is connected to a 106 MB dynamic RAM IC4 K153212Q60M-JC2. Previously, this chip was released under the name KM432V515.

Eight-bit mask ROM IC102 M53403IE-47 - custom. The last two digits (47) of the name are the version number of the "firmware" of the ROM. In the official specification of the "PS one" parameters, its volume is 512 KB. However, the 20-bit AO-A19 address bus allows twice as many cells to be accessed. The ROM chips installed in different 32-bit "PlayStation" models are interchangeable. This circumstance is used during repairs.

Connectors CN101.1, CN101.2, CN102.1, CN102.2 are designed to connect joysticks and memory cards to the IVP. All their input and output circuits are protected from interference and damage by FB117-FB123 filters, zener diodes and their assemblies D101, D103, D104, as well as RC circuits.

The dashed lines in Fig. 1 shows the IC801 PIC12C508A chip. This is the so-called "mod-chip" - a microcontroller programmed in such a way that it ensures the launch of game CDs, both branded (with a dark purple surface) and non-branded (with a silver surface) produced by different regions. There is no place on the printed circuit board for this microcircuit; it can be connected by hanging wires. Microcontrollers of various series (PIC, AT801S, Z90) are used as IC86, often with erased names and cropped "extra" conclusions. However, those intended for the previous versions of the "PlayStation" do not fit the "PS one".

Let's move on to Fig. 2. The 208-pin IC203 CXD8561CQ graphics processor shown here is equivalent in functionality to the 360D accelerators used in IBM PC video cards. He is responsible for drawing polygons on the screen, rotating and scaling sprites, painting contours using the Gouraud algorithm. Every second, the processor is capable of processing up to 66 polygons. The overall performance is 256 million operations per second. Resolution from 256x640 to 512x256 pixels in PAL TV standard or from 240x640 to 480x103 pixels in NTSC standard. A large number of lines connects the graphics processor with the CPU - the IC1 chip (see Fig. XNUMX).

(click to enlarge)

Together with the IC203 controller, the video RAM IC201 K4G163222A-PC70 works - dynamic synchronous, with a capacity of 16 Mbps. The information capacity of the video RAM chip, doubled in comparison with those installed in previous models, gave rise to talk about the improved "PS one" graphics. However, it is not. Of the 11 address inputs of the AO-A10 microcircuit, only ten are used, the A8 input is connected to a common wire. Therefore, only 8 Mbit of video memory is active, as before.

If you suspect a malfunction of the video RAM (extra dots or lines are visible in the image), you can try to switch to the "spare" half of the IC201 chip by disconnecting its pin 30 from the common wire and connecting it to one of the power pins of the chip.

From the outputs of the graphic processor IC203, digital eight-bit video signals of the primary colors are fed to the inputs of the RDO-RD7 (red), GD0-GD7 (green) and BDO-BD7 (blue) of the IC502 CXA2106R chip, which replaced the two used in the early models of the IVP: a video DAC and a signal converter RGB to full PAL or NTSC TV signal.

Sometimes the BH502AKV chip is installed as IC7240. While identical to the CXA2106R in terms of basic features and the purpose of most of the pins, it requires a few extras, as shown in Figure 2. XNUMX dashed lines. Places on the board are provided for them.

The video signal circuits routed to the CN502 output connector are equipped with terminating resistors, protective zener diodes, and noise suppression filters. The +4,9 V voltage supplied to the same connector through the current protection unit on the Q505 transistor assembly is intended to power the TV RF modulator. The maximum load current is 85 mA, the residual current after the protection operation does not exceed 5 mA.

Please note that the numbering of the pins of the CN502 connector has changed compared to the previous "PlayStation" models, although their relative position and purpose remain the same.

Programmable clock generator IC204 CY2081SL-509 - custom. The ratios between the frequency values ​​of its output signals and the X201 quartz resonator determine the constants recorded by the microcircuit manufacturer in its "one-time" internal ROM. Index 509 in the designation of the generator is the order number according to which it is programmed. Signal frequencies are shown in fig. 2.

Part of the "PS one" prefix circuit shown in fig. 3 includes audio and control data processing systems and a CD-ROM interface. Compared to previous models, the "PS one" digital data processing system is greatly simplified, with only two chips left - the IC304 SC430943PB controller and the IC16 M310B11A-416256J 35-bit dynamic audio RAM with a capacity of 512 KB. However, the functions performed did not decrease. The casket is easy to open - a CD data decoder, a 256 Kb buffer static RAM, an MPEG-1 data decompressor, a sound processor and a DAC are included in the 208-pin VLSI IC732 CXD2938Q, formally related to the CD-ROM interface system. VLSI operates under the control of the IC103 CPU, with which it is connected by many lines.

(click to enlarge)

The stereo sound signal formed by VLSI IC732 is fed to the two-channel amplifier IC405 NJM2174, and from its outputs through filters to the corresponding pins of the CN502 connector. The amplifier works only with a certain combination of logic levels on its control inputs (pin 4 is high, pin 5 is low). This property is used to prevent the reproduction of distorted signals and interference during the installation of the IVP nodes in the initial state and the launch of programs.

Sometimes the NJM2174 amplifier is replaced with functional analogues with additional electronic keys to block the outputs. There are no such keys in the NJM2174, their conclusions (2 and 13) are not used, however, the printed conductors going to them (shown by dashed lines) are always on the board.

The KSM-701BAM CD-ROM drive is connected to connectors CN702 and CN440, electrically compatible with the one used in previous "PlayStation" models ([2], Fig. 22), but with a connecting cable of a different length and configuration. The semiconductor laser of the optical drive head is included in the collector circuit of the Q701 2SB1132 transistor. The laser current is regulated by a trimming resistor located in the drive. Indirectly, this current can be estimated from the voltage drop across resistors R52, R53 (0,66 ... 0,88 V correspond to 60 ... 80 mA).

The signals of the photodetectors of the optical head are fed to the inputs of the IC723 CXA2575N microcircuit, which performs the functions of their amplification, frequency correction and pre-processing. Further processing takes place already inside VLSI IC732. It also generates control signals for the electric motors and electromagnets of the CD-ROM drive, which are sent to the corresponding nodes through the power amplifiers of the IC722 BA5977FP chip. Its counterparts are BA5947FR AN8732SB. The BA6392FP, BA6397FR, BA6398FP chips installed in early "PlayStation" models differ from the BA5977FP in pin assignment.

The SB301 button is mechanically connected to the lock of the compartment in which the game disc is installed. When it is open, the contacts are open.

The "PS one" system unit is powered by a constant voltage of 7,5 V from an external AC power supply - a network adapter, the circuit of which will be discussed in the next section. On the processor board, all other voltages necessary for the operation of its nodes are obtained from this voltage. The circuit diagram of the power circuits of the processor board is shown in fig. 4.

(click to enlarge)

The 7,5 V voltage is supplied from the J001 connector through the PS600 fuse link, the FB001 filter and the S001 pushbutton switch. Zener diode D1001 protects the processor board from accidentally applying too much or incorrect voltage to connector 004. The very high current flowing in these cases through the opened zener diode leads to the PS600 fuse-link burning out or the network adapter protection tripping.

Through the fuse links PS004, PS601-PS603, the input supply voltage is distributed among several groups of consumers. The voltages in the circuits U1, U2 (3,6 V) and U3, U4 (5 V) are stabilized by linear integrated regulators, respectively, IC602 LP2985AIM5-3.5 and IC601 MC78M05CDT, and the output voltage of the second (5 V) serves as the input for the first.

A voltage of 5 V is supplied to the circuits U6 and U7,5 without additional stabilization. The voltage of 3,5 V in the U7-U9 circuit comes from a switching regulator, the main elements of which are the Q602 VCX52 key transistor, the D601 damping diode, the L603 storage inductor, and the IC607 TL594CPW pulse-width (SHI) controller. It is similar to the well-known TL494 (KR1114EU4), a brief description and principle of operation of which can be found, for example, in [3].

Sometimes, instead of IC607, an IC606 TL594CD chip is installed on a specially provided place on the board, which differs only in the case design. Resistor R16 serves as a load current sensor of the stabilizer.

All power circuits are provided with LC filters that smooth out oxide and blocking ceramic capacitors. In total, more than a hundred of these capacitors are fairly evenly distributed over the surface of the printed circuit board.

LED D003 serves as an indicator of the inclusion of the IVP. It glows when there is a voltage of 7,5 V after the PS603 fuse and 3,5 V at the output of the switching regulator.

One of the differences between "PS one" and previous models is the lack of a special RESET button to reset the system to its original state. The initial setting signal RES is generated automatically every time the set-top box is turned on by switch S001 or after an emergency short-term decrease and restoration to the nominal value of the supply voltage of 7,5 V.

After turning on the power, the IC003 single vibrator generates a low-level pulse at pin 1, the duration of which (0,2 ... 0,3 s) depends on the value of the capacitor C4. The amplifier transistor assembly Q004 brings to the required level of pulse power, | which, through the FB601C18 filter, enters the inputs of the initial installation of microcircuits of the processor board.

When the input supply voltage drops below 6 V, the zener diode D002 closes, and the transistor Q002 opens, shunting the R3C3 circuit. Single vibrator IC003 perceives a sharp decrease in voltage at its pin 2 as a power off, and after restoring the nominal voltage in the 7,5 V circuit and closing transistor Q002, it generates an initial setting pulse.

In some instances of the processor board, the RES signal conditioner is the Q002 chip, for which there is a place. In this case, the IC003 chip and some other related elements are not installed.

AC ADAPTER

The remote power supply unit of the IVP "PS one", commonly referred to as a network adapter, is unusually light (180 g) and thin. Its dimensions are 57x88x30 mm. It does not have the usual step-down transformer for a frequency of 50 Hz, since a high-frequency voltage converter with an efficiency of 70 ... 78% is used. Rated output voltage - 7,5 V (in fact - 7,7 V, obviously, to compensate for the voltage drop on the resistance of the wires of the connecting cord 1,8 m long). The voltage changes by only 0,3% at a load current of up to 2 A, and at 2,8 A, overload protection is activated. The range of ripples is 20 ... 60 mV. Please note that adapters of Japanese and American "PS one" models are not suitable for use in the CIS countries, as they are designed for a different mains voltage.

Schematic diagram of the SCPH-114 adapter, manufactured in China under license from SCEI, is shown in fig. 5. Please note that many circuit elements (resistors and capacitors) are made up of several connected in series or in parallel. In some cases, this is done in order not to exceed the allowable power or voltage values, in others - to accurately set the required resistance. The positional designations of elements in each of these groups are distinguished by letter indices, having the same serial numbers. In references to groups of elements by text, indexes are usually omitted.

(click to enlarge)

Since there is no switch in the adapter, the latter works all the time while the built-in plug CN001 is inserted into the mains socket, and an extended absence of load is allowed. The input circuit is protected against overload by a fusible link F1 and against interference by an LC filter CX1FL1. Unconventional reference designations are given to capacitors CX1 and CY1 to emphasize their special design. Such capacitors are specially designed to suppress impulse and high-frequency interference. Resistor R1 equalizes the potentials of the network wires and the common wire of the IVP, preventing the accumulation of static charge.

A rectified diode bridge D1A-D1D and a smoothed capacitor C1 supply voltage to a single-cycle flyback inverter based on a field-effect transistor Q1 and a transformer T1. Chain D2R2R3C2 - damping. The voltage from the winding III of the transformer, rectified by an assembly of Schottky diodes CR51, is fed to the output of the adapter (connector CN002). The R51C51 circuit suppresses diode reverse voltage spikes. Capacitor C52 and filter L51C53 smooth out ripples.

The output voltage of the adapter is stabilized by the pulse-width method. Control pulses with an amplitude of 10 ... 11 V and a frequency of 60 kHz are fed to the gate of the transistor Q1 from the output of the SHI controller IC1. Their duty cycle depends on the collector current of the phototransistor of the optocoupler IC2, included in the pin 2 circuit of the SHI controller. The current depends on the illumination created by the emitting diode of the optocoupler included in the output circuit of the error signal amplifier on transistor Q51. The error signal is the difference between the part of the output voltage of the adapter, taken from the resistive divider R53R54, and the exemplary one, taken from the zener diode ZD51. This closes the stabilizing feedback loop.

The SHI-controller installed in the adapter is an analog of the NCP1200 chip from ON Semiconductor. It is manufactured using a technology that allows placing both low and high (up to 450 V) voltage circuits on one chip. A 50 Hz pulsating unipolar voltage with an amplitude of 300 V is applied to pin 8 of IC1 through diode D1. Inside the microcircuit (between pins 8 and 6) there is a kind of "quenching resistor" - a current source of 50 ... 2 mA switched at a frequency of approximately 4 kHz on a field-effect transistor. This current charges the capacitor C6 connected to terminal 3 to a voltage of approximately 11V, which feeds the low-voltage components of the microcircuit. The voltage is kept within acceptable limits when the input variable changes in the range of 100 ... 380 V. The power dissipated by the "resistor" does not exceed 0,25 W.

Diode D1 - low voltage. During normal operation, the reverse voltage applied to it does not exceed 0,7 V - the voltage drop on one of the diodes of the D1A-D1D bridge. However, the asynchronous switching of the internal current source with the supply network sometimes leads to a short-term unacceptable increase in the voltage across the diode. This phenomenon eliminates the resistor R15.

Input 3 of the SHI controller IC1 receives a current sensor signal - resistor R8 in the source circuit of transistor Q1. When the adapter is running without load, the SHI controller switches to a mode with a reduced pulse repetition rate, facilitating the operation of the transistor Q1 and reducing the power consumed from the network. When the current is overloaded, the generation becomes discontinuous. Short bursts of control pulses are repeated every 0,7 s.

Transistors Q2 and Q3 are connected in a thyristor analog circuit. As long as the voltage at the output of the auxiliary rectifier (winding II of the transformer T1, diode D4 and capacitor C4) is less than the stabilization voltage of the zener diode ZD2, both transistors are closed. In the case of an increase in the mains voltage by 40 ... 50%, the voltage across the capacitor C4 increases proportionally and the zener diode ZD2 opens. The current flowing through the resistor R10 opens the "thyristor" Q2Q3, which shunts the pin 2 circuit of the SHI controller IC1, prohibiting the operation of the latter and the adapter as a whole. There is no automatic return to operating mode in this case. The CN001 plug must be removed from the socket and re-inserted.

The NTC1 thermistor is a safety element. When the adapter overheats, its resistance decreases, which should lead to the opening of the "thyristor" Q2Q3 and blocking the SHI controller IC1. But in practice, the protection does not work, even if the terminals of the thermistor are closed. This is due to the too large value of the resistor R14, which should be reduced to 10 kOhm.

Literature

1. Ryumik S. "PlayStation": History of development. - Radio, 2002, No. 11, p. 21-23.
2. Ryumik S. "Sony PlayStation" or features of 32-bit video set-top box circuitry. - Radio, 1999, No. 7, p. 26-28.
3. Aleksandroa R. Circuitry of power supplies for personal computers. - Radio, 2002, No. 6, p. 22-24.

Author: S.Ryumik, Chernihiv, Ukraine

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