Cuts friction. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Ham Radio Technologies
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Many probably had to watch how the metal heats up when it is processed on an emery wheel. This phenomenon is harmful: heating "releases" the hardened metal. Can't you turn it to your advantage? Well, for example, to cut metal.
Try grinding off the teeth of an old circular saw blade and fixing the resulting tool (an absolutely smooth blade) instead of an emery wheel in an electric grinder. The "start" button is pressed, the disk spins. Bring a steel corner to it. So he touched the disk, there was a creak, a screech ... After a few seconds, the workpiece warmed up at the point of contact with the disk, a luminous dark red dot appeared there. It brightens, turns orange, and now the disk crashes into the metal. Passed the first millimeter, the second, fifth ... Sawing! Sawing absolutely smooth disc! Finally, a scrap bounces off with a bang.
I wonder if the disk is very hot? It turns out not - well, maybe a little warmer than the air in the room. It is also possible to cut other materials: aluminum and glass, ebonite and getinaks, wood and even a file - everything is subject to this disk. It is especially interesting to watch how glass is cut: it quickly heats up at the point of contact red-hot, melts and then cuts through. Hardened steel (for example, a file) is quite difficult to cut, and as for aluminum, it turns out to be easy and simple to process it in this way.
So, the main task of this tool is to heat the metal at the point of contact, thereby bringing it to a plastic state and squeezing out the semi-molten "dough" from the cut groove.
Interestingly, during operation, the diameter of the disk does not decrease! It would seem that he should grind, which, apparently, is actually happening; but at the same time there is also a reverse process - sticking of molten metal to the working tool. In some cutting modes, the diameter even begins to increase.
Rice. 1. Scheme of fastening the cutting disc to the electric motor: 1 - electric motor, 2 - mounting flange, 3 - cutting disc, 4 - screw, 5 - nut, 6 - handpiece, 7 - material being cut
A little about the design of the machine with a cutting disc and its operation. The easiest way to form a disc is to fix the saw in place of the emery stone and (with the grinder motor turned on) carefully bring a coarse-grained bar close to the teeth. Attention should be paid to the radial runout of the disc: try to keep them minimal, otherwise cutting is significantly complicated. This is especially noticeable when cutting glass, which can crack. Axial beats, on the other hand, contribute to a cleaner cut: the fact is that they play the role of set teeth in a circular saw. You can try to fix the disk in the lathe chuck, then it works in the same way. as well as on the sharpener.
Generally speaking, the efficiency of a cutting disc increases with an increase in peripheral speed. Apparently, this should increase the cutting speed and improve the surface finish. The disadvantages include a relatively large clamping force (especially at the first moment, when the metal has not yet warmed up) of the workpiece to the disk; however, as the metal warms up, it decreases several times. You can experiment with discs of various materials; Apparently, the results will significantly depend on the coefficient of friction of the "part - tool" pair, and on the thermal conductivity of the disk and the material being cut.
Those who are interested in this method of processing may choose other materials that allow cutting metal by friction with even greater effect.
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