Surface mount elements in amateur radio designs. Scheme, description

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Surface mount elements in amateur radio designs. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Ham Radio Technologies

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The advantages of surface mounting, widely used in modern industrial electronics, are well known. We only recall that special miniature "pinless" elements are used for this.

Surface mounting is also tempting for radio amateurs, although some believe that it is not available to them, since it is allegedly unrealistic to make such a board at home. On traditional printed circuit boards, the pattern of conductors is applied at reference points, which are holes for the leads of parts or places for drilling indicated by countersinking of the foil. With surface mounting, there are no such holes, which is why it seems that it is more difficult to make a drawing.

All this is true, but the features of surface mounting allow it to be used both in full and in part. It is easy to match with all kinds of traditional PCB. This "hybrid" method is also used in serial designs. This circumstance makes surface mounting very promising for radio amateurs, since even replacing 5 ... 15% of conventional radio elements with "surface" ones gives a very tangible gain - it simplifies the process of manufacturing a printed circuit board, and reduces the number of holes to be drilled. Since the "surface" elements are miniature and soldered from the side of the printed conductors, the mounting density on the board of the same dimensions is noticeably increased.

The most obvious and effective use of two-pin radio elements - capacitors, diodes, resistors. First of all, ceramic capacitors with a capacity of 0,01 to 1 uF should be used - these are only 13 ratings (in the E12 series). A smaller gain is given by the use of "surface" diodes - in most designs there are few of them, and the dimensions of ordinary diodes are small. There is only one difficulty with resistors: a large number of denominations - over a hundred! This makes it necessary to have a second cash register of resistors.

For surface mounting, pairs of foil pads are provided in appropriate places, separated by a gap of 0,5 ... 1,5 mm. The platforms should be wider than the part by 0,5 ... 1,5 mm and protrude beyond its edges along the length by 1,5 ... 2 mm. But often the pads are not needed, since the parts can be soldered directly to the printed conductors.

It happens that the mounted printed circuit board has to be modified - to change elements, introduce new ones, etc. In these cases, the use of "surface" parts greatly simplifies the solution of the problem, especially when there is no space left for installing ordinary ones. If the length of the part does not allow it to "reach out" to the desired mounting site, an extension conductor is soldered to one of its leads. The installation of the part sideways is not excluded.

For installation, almost any soldering iron with a tip narrowed to 1,5 ... 2 mm or with a short shank mounted on a rod of several turns of copper wire with a diameter of 1.5 ... 2.5 mm is suitable. The soldering iron must be powered through a temperature regulator (for example, a trinistor), since the "surface" parts are more sensitive to overheating. When soldering, the part should be held with tweezers with thin sponges; convenient dental tweezers with long curved thin sponges.

Author: V.Turchinsky, Moscow

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