Automotive strobe devices STB-1 and Auto-spark. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Electronic devices

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Our industry produces stroboscopic devices: the STB-1 automobile strobe (Fig. 1) and the Auto-spark device (Fig. 2), designed to check and adjust the initial setting of the ignition timing on cars.

It is known how important for the operation of the engine is the correct setting of the initial ignition timing, as well as the serviceability of the centrifugal and vacuum regulators of the ignition timing. Improper setting of the initial ignition timing by only 2-3 °, as well as malfunctions of the advance regulators, lead to a loss of engine power, overheating, increased fuel consumption and, ultimately, to a reduction in engine life.

However, checking and adjusting the ignition timing is a very delicate, time-consuming operation, which is not always accessible even to an experienced motorist. Stroboscopic devices make this operation easier. With their help, even an inexperienced motorist can check and adjust the initial setting of the ignition timing within 5-10 minutes, as well as check the performance of the centrifugal and vacuum advance controllers.

Fig.1. Appearance of the STB-1 device

Fig.2. Appearance of the device AUTO-ISKRA

The main element of the stroboscopic device is a pulsed inertialess lamp, the flashes of which occur at the moment a spark appears in the candle of the first cylinder of the engine. As a result, the alignment marks applied on the flywheel or crankshaft pulley, as well as other engine parts that rotate or move synchronously with the crankshaft, appear stationary when illuminated by a strobe light. This allows you to observe the shift between the moment of ignition and the moment the piston passes the top dead center in all engine operating modes, that is, to control the correct setting of the initial ignition angle, check the performance of centrifugal and vacuum advance controllers, and also check the operation of valves, camshaft and other engine parts .

The main technical data of the STB-1 and Auto-spark stroboscopic devices are given in Table. 1. As can be seen from Table. 1, the STB-1 automotive stroboscope is significantly superior to the Auto-spark device in terms of its technical data.

First, according to the functions performed. It allows not only to check the initial setting of the ignition timing, but also to control the operation of the centrifugal and vacuum ignition timing controllers. This quality of the STB-1 stroboscope is due to its good frequency properties, which allow it to work without reducing the brightness of flashes at a frequency of up to 3000 rpm of the engine crankshaft. In the "Auto-spark" device, the brightness of the flashes begins to decrease already at 700-800 rpm.

Secondly, the applicability of the STB-1 stroboscope is much wider than the "Auto-sparks", which is associated with the design of the device. As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the STB-1 stroboscope is connected directly to the battery terminals using spring clips Kl1 and K.l2 of the crocodile type, and the Avto-spark device has an X4 coaxial plug, similar to the portable lamp plug of VAZ cars, in connection with than it can only be connected to these cars. The dimensions of the handle of the "Auto-spark" device are large, and it is inconvenient to hold it in your hand. In addition, the device emits diffused light, and in order to see the marks well, it has to be brought close to the rotating engine pulley. And this is not only inconvenient, but also unsafe.

The stroboscope STB-1 is free from this drawback. Made in the form of a pistol with a lens that gives good beam focusing, it is convenient and safe to use. A more powerful voltage converter in the STB-1 stroboscope makes it possible to use almost any collector electric razor.

The service life of the STB-1 stroboscope is much longer than that of the Auto-spark device, which is associated with the service life of the stroboscope lamp used in it (SSh5).

The STB-1 stroboscope is connected to the spark plug of the first cylinder of the engine using a special adapter-discharger Рр1, which provides a practically unlimited number of connections. The device "Auto-spark" is connected using a thin metal conductor / (see Fig. 2), which is usually breaks off after 10-15 connections.

A schematic diagram of the STB-1 automotive stroboscope is shown in fig. 3. The device consists of a voltage converter on transistors V1 - V2, a silicon rectifier unit V4; limiting resistors R5 and R6; storage capacitors C2, C3, strobe lamp H1; ignition circuit of a stroboscopic lamp, consisting of capacitors C4, C5 and arrester Pp1; protective diode V3 and toggle switch S1 to switch the type of work "Razor" or "Strobe".

Ris.3

In the "Razor" mode, the strobe works as follows.

After connecting the clamps X5, X6 to the battery terminals, the voltage converter starts to work, which is a symmetrical multivibrator. The transistors of the converter are alternately unlocked and locked, connecting one or the other half of the winding 1 of the transformer T1 to the battery. As a result, an alternating voltage of a rectangular shape with a frequency of about 800 Hz appears in the secondary windings. The voltage from the winding IIa through the contacts of the switch S1 is supplied to the rectifier unit V4, rectified and supplied to the sockets X4, XXNUMX of the electric shaver.

When the switch S1 is in the "Strobe" position, the total alternating voltage from the windings 4a and 11b is supplied to the rectifier unit V11, which is rectified and charges the storage capacitors C5, C6 through resistors R2, R3 to a voltage of approximately 450V.

At the moment of sparking in the first cylinder, a high-voltage pulse from the ignition distributor socket through connector X2 of the arrester Pp1 and capacitors C4, C5 is fed to the igniting electrodes of the strobe lamp H1. .The lamp is ignited, and the storage capacitors C2, C3 are discharged through the lamp. In this case, the energy stored in the capacitors C2 and C3 is converted into the light energy of the lamp flash. After the discharge of the capacitors, the lamp H1 goes out, and the capacitors C2 and C3 are charged again through the resistors R5, R6 to a voltage of 450 V. This completes the preparation for the next flash.

Capacitor C1 eliminates voltage surges on the collectors of transistors VI, V2 at the moments of their switching.

Diode VZ protects transistors V1, V2 from failure if the stroboscope is connected with the wrong polarity.

The arrester Pp1, connected between the distributor and the spark plug, provides the amplitude of the high-voltage pulse necessary to ignite the lamp, regardless of the distance between the electrodes of the spark plug, the pressure in the combustion chamber, and other factors. Thanks to the spark gap, the stroboscope works normally even with the spark plug electrodes short-circuited.

Schematic diagram of the device "Auto-spark" is shown in fig. 4. It consists mainly of the same nodes as the STB-1 stroboscope. Its differences are that the voltage converter is made somewhat differently: the initial bias to the transistor bases is supplied from one voltage divider R2R3 connected to the midpoint of the base winding III. To make it easier to start the inverter. resistor R2 is shunted by electrolytic capacitor C1.

Ris.4

The converter transformer has also other winding data. The limiting resistor R1 is connected before the rectifier bridge.

Storage capacitor C2 - electrolytic - with a capacity of 10,0 microfarads, strobe lamp - IFC-120.

The use of this lamp caused a change in the parameters of the storage capacitor - the charging voltage was reduced to 250-300 V "and the capacitance was increased to 10 microfarads, but the brightness of the flashes turned out to be much lower than that of the STB-1 strobe.

In a different way, the switching of the type of work is performed. The charging time constant of the storage capacitor C2 is almost 10 times greater than that of STB-1, so the Auto-spark device can only be used at low engine speeds (up to 800 rpm). At high frequencies, the capacitor C2 does not have time to be charged during the pauses between two flashes, and the brightness of each flash decreases.

The stroboscope STB-1 (see Fig. 1) is made in a plastic case in the form of a pistol with a trigger. The trigger 1 controls the switch S1 (see Fig. 3). When the trigger is pressed, the switch is set to the "Strobe" position. At the same time, the body of the trigger covers sockets X3, X4 for connecting an electric shaver, where at this time the voltage reaches 400-450 V.

Spring clips "crocodile" (X5, X6) are engraved with polarity and enclosed in multi-colored rubber cases. The case of the adapter-discharger Рр1 is plastic, the distance between the electrodes is 3 mm, the X2 plug and the XI socket are made of stainless steel.

Capacitors C1, C2, C3 - MBM for a voltage of 600 V. Capacitors C4, CS are made in the form of thin brass tubes, put on the insulation of a high-voltage PVA wire connecting the stroboscope to the arrester.

Transformer T1 is wound on a toroidal core OL 20x32x8. Windings 16 and 1v each have 40 turns of PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0,51; windings 1a and 1d - 8 turns each, and the winding 11b-440 turns of PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0,19. Winding 11a-1160 turns of PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0,1 mm.

The "Auto-spark" device is made in a rectangular case made of impact-resistant polystyrene (see Fig. 2). On the body there is a socket X1 for connecting a high-voltage PVA wire connecting the device to the spark plug of the first engine cylinder, sockets X2, X3 for connecting an electric shaver and a switch for the type of work B1. The power cable ends with a coaxial plug X4. To connect the first cylinder to the candle, a special metal antennae 1 is used, fixed at the end of the PVA wire. Switch S1 - TP1-2. All windings of the T1 transformer are wound with PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0,2 mm. Winding 1 has 35 + 35 turns, III-50 + 50 turns, II-870 turns with a tap from 460 turns. Core OL 20x32x8.

Connecting devices should be done with the engine stopped. If the polarity of the clamps is connected incorrectly, the STB-1 stroboscope will not work.

The "Auto-spark" device can also be used on other cars, if you make a special adapter to the X4 coaxial power plug, or completely remove the plug and solder spring clips "crocodile" to the wires instead. However, it should be borne in mind that if the polarity of the connection is wrong, the "Auto-spark" will immediately fail. There are no protection circuits in the device.

When the power is connected correctly, a characteristic squeak of a pure tone (about 500 Hz) should be heard, which is the result of the operation of the converter.

When working with the STB-1 stroboscope, weak flashes of the lamp can be observed even without pressing the trigger, which is not a malfunction of the device. When you press the trigger, the brightness of the flashes increases several times.

Vibrating razors ("Era", "Neva", etc.) must not be connected to the device, as this can damage it.

The time of continuous operation of the device in order to avoid failure should not exceed 10-15 minutes. Avoid touching moving parts of the engine, which appear to be stationary in the light of the strobe light.

Author: A. Sinelnikov; Publication: N. Bolshakov, rf.atnn.ru

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