Soundproofing a car with noise absorbers. Scheme, description

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Soundproofing your car with noise absorbers

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Audio equipment

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Noise is music's number one enemy, and in order to fight it successfully, you must first understand its nature. The first reason for the appearance of extraneous (and therefore undesirable) sounds is obvious. These are noises that are transmitted from outside the cabin. The second factor leading to the noisiness of the vehicle is the vibration that occurs when the car is moving: the vibrations, propagating through the structural elements, are radiated into the passenger compartment and form noise. The source of vibration can be the engine, transmission, suspension and trim elements, resonance of individual body elements, mechanical shocks, etc. By the way, the operation of acoustic systems often causes the occurrence of interference resonances.

In turn, materials designed to become an insurmountable obstacle to noise are divided according to the methods of counteraction (reflection, absorption, damping), characteristic areas of application (doors, engine compartment, wheel arches, floor, ceiling), and according to their physical structure (liquid, foamy, spray, solid). Therefore, manufacturers specializing in this area approach the problem in a comprehensive manner and, as a rule, offer a whole list of materials, allocating their own “defense area” to each. The requirements for such products are very high. In addition to the fact that noise absorbers should be as efficient as possible, performing their main function, an indispensable condition is their non-toxicity, resistance to high temperatures, moisture, as well as manufacturability and ease of use.

Now for specific examples. As a practical example, let's take the products of the American company Cascade Audio Engineering (CAE), known under the V-Blok brand. It is interesting that the products of the company from the USA are gradually conquering the markets of Europe. Moreover, one of the reasons for the popularity of V-Blok is that all CAE materials are absolutely harmless to human health, and in the Old World, as you know, environmental problems are taken very seriously. This manufacturer has also been on the Russian market for several years and enjoys a well-deserved reputation as one of the most uncompromising fighters for the purity of sound. At number 1, CAE has a water-based soundproofing paste VB-1. It is used to eliminate vibrations of large-area panels, curved and uneven surfaces, as well as for processing speaker cabinets. It is noteworthy that the VB-1 is versatile and holds well on metal, plastic and wood, damping vibrations in a wide frequency range (from 10 Hz to 40 kHz). For maximum effect, two layers are applied with a thickness of no more than 3 millimeters, and the treated surface does not transmit noise until the end of the vehicle's service life.

In turn, VB-2 and VB-2HD (it is thicker) are polymeric self-adhesive materials developed by CAE for damping (converting vibration into thermal energy) vibrations of sheet metal and plastic. They are produced in pieces of various sizes and, thanks to the universal adhesive layer that can withstand heat up to 200 degrees, they adhere to almost any surface. It should be noted that VB-2 and VB-2HD absorb noise twice as well as mastics based on asphalt resins, while being 40% lighter and much more technologically advanced.

Three-layer VB-3 is best suited for car interior flooring from the Cascade Audio Engeneering range. In its structure, it consists of two layers of reinforced foam neoprene, separated by a thin lead plate. Accordingly, the lower layer is a suspension for the lead filling, and the upper one acts as a thermal insulation. As for the movable lead plate itself, it is an effective barrier to the noise that occurs when the wheels come into contact with the road while the car is moving. At the same time, despite the presence of a lead layer in VB-3, this material is easy to give the desired shape.

Composite material VB-4 basically coincides with VB-3 in areas of application (floor, interior walls, wheel arches), but differs from it in structure. The first line of defense is a heavy, soft and flexible vinyl mass. If the sound waves emanating from the road surface still seep through the vinyl, then they are nullified by the foamy separating layer. At the same time, the foam prevents the penetration of heat and moisture into the cabin. Cascade Audio Engeneering recommends using VB-TS for processing engine bays. Just like VB-3, this composite deals with noise in two ways: absorption and reflection. It consists of a centimeter layer of heat-resistant soundproofing foam, which delays the noise of the mid-frequency range, and a polyester film, which is metallized with chemically pure aluminum, which has a high reflection coefficient. The reflective surface allows the VB-TS to be used in ambient temperatures up to 205 degrees. Other advantages of this material include the presence of a filler that repels water, as well as the fact that VB-TS stretches by 10% and provides XNUMX% contact with any difficult surface.

Deflex Powerpads special pads stand somewhat apart. These products are attached to the car body directly behind the speaker head magnet and prevent the occurrence of a standing wave inside the installation volume, which prevents the destruction of the cone and improves sound quality. Powerpads are easy to install and come with a lifetime warranty.

Author: A. Samsonov; Publication: 12voltsmagazine.com

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