Electrical installations in hazardous areas. Lightning and ESD protection

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Section 7. Electrical equipment of special installations

Electrical installations in hazardous areas. Lightning and ESD protection

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE)

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7.3.142. Protection of buildings, structures and outdoor installations with explosive zones from direct lightning strikes and its secondary manifestations must be carried out in accordance with RD 34.21.122-87 "Instruction for the installation of lightning protection for buildings and structures" of the USSR Ministry of Energy.

7.3.143. The protection of installations against static electricity must be carried out in accordance with the regulations in force.

See other articles Section Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE).

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Cow toilet 15.07.2023

Scientists from Germany decided to teach cows to use a special toilet. They believe this could help farmers reduce water pollution and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Cow dung can be a problem, especially if they are in stalls where urine and feces are mixed. Because it produces ammonia, an indirect greenhouse gas.

The experiment was carried out on a farm run by the Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology in Dammerstorf. Researchers Lindsey Matthews and Douglas Elliff of the University of Auckland said that the training was carried out according to the principle of "carrot and stick". To do this, they set up a special area called MooLoos, lined with artificial grass, where cows can safely urinate without endangering the environment.

At the first stage, the calves were driven into the MooLoos in turn and rewarded with food if they did their "easy job" there. The next step was to increase the distance to the toilet. If there were "accidents" in another part of the barn, the cows were sprayed with water. Quite quickly, 11 out of 16 calves were toilet trained.

Cows self-initiated toilet entry, producing an average of 15 to 20 urinations. And at the end of three-quarters, the animals were doing three-quarters of their urination in the toilet.

If in Germany the cows are mostly in barns, the next step is to see how the system will work in the context of New Zealand, where cattle spend most of their time in open units.

However, the animals are collected for milking and supplementation, so during this time they could use a special toilet. In addition, they can be installed outdoors. And even if such an approach is not very successful, scientists are convinced that it would still have significant environmental benefits.

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