Earth's most common mineral in space has been discovered. Free Technical Library News

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Earth's most common mineral in space discovered

24.10.2023

The James Webb Space Telescope has brought exciting news by detecting nanocrystalline quartz (SiO2) in the atmosphere of exoplanet WASP-17b, located 1300 light-years from Earth. This unique phenomenon was the first time the most common mineral on Earth was discovered in the atmosphere of an exoplanet, as well as the first to unravel the transit characteristics of clouds on such planets.

Larger than Jupiter, WASP-17b orbits its host star in just 3,7 Earth days, providing an excellent transit observing opportunity. Over the course of 10 hours, the Webb telescope recorded over 1275 measurements of average infrared brightness in the wavelength range from 5 microns to 12 microns. The results of the analysis of the spectra revealed a surprising "bump" at a wavelength of 8,6 μm, inconsistent with known clouds, excluding magnesium silicates and high-temperature aerosols.

The discovery indicates the possible presence of quartz clouds in the atmosphere of WASP-17b.

Scientists suggest that these nanocrystals do not come from rocky surfaces, but are formed in the high layers of the atmosphere at high temperatures and pressures. This discovery contributes to the understanding of atmospheric processes on exoplanets.

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Bright light improves the functioning of important genes 30.08.2019

Bright lighting can enhance the PER2 gene, which is responsible for strengthening blood vessels and protecting against cardiovascular problems. This conclusion was made by scientists from the University of Colorado.

Exposure to light is beneficial for patients' hearts if light therapy is applied a week before surgery. Based on this connection, it is possible to create new drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, experts say.

Keeping lab rodents in bright light helped the animals increase their protection against cardiovascular disease. The result of the work of experts led to the fact that in mice the degree of damage to heart tissue after a heart attack decreased.

The PER2 gene is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms and brain functions. Exposing it to bright light helped protect blood vessels and the heart from low oxygen levels (may be with ischemia), and also led to an increase in adenosine levels (regulates blood flow).

After experimenting with rodents, the scientists tested the effect of light therapy on healthy patients. To do this, they exposed volunteers to intense light (10 lux) for half an hour for five consecutive days.

The result of the experiment showed that light therapy increased the expression level of the PER2 gene, reduced plasma triglyceride levels, and improved metabolism.

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