Electrical equipment of elevators. Electrical wiring and power supply to the cab

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Section 5. Electric power plants

Electrical equipment of elevators. Electrical wiring and power supply to the cab

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE)

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5.5.6. The electrical wiring in the engine room, the elevator (elevator) shaft and the cabin must comply with the requirements of Ch. 2.1 and 3.4, as well as the following requirements:

1. Electrical wiring must be carried out with insulated wires or cables with rubber or equivalent insulation; the use of power and control cables with impregnated cable paper insulation is not allowed.

2. The cross section of the cores of cables and wires must be at least 1,5 mm2 for copper conductors and 2,5 mm2 for aluminum conductors.

In sections of control circuits from floor rows of clamps and rows of clamps on the cab to devices installed in the shaft and on the cab, as well as in sections of control circuits that ensure the safety of using the elevator or are subject to frequent shock and vibration, wires and cables with copper conductors should be used. When using wires and cables with copper stranded conductors, their cross section can be reduced: in the circuits for connecting safety devices up to 0,5 mm2, in other circuits up to 0,35 mm2.

3. Internal installation of elevator apparatus and complete devices must be carried out with copper wires.

4. The ends of the wires must be marked according to the project.

5.5.7. The current supply to the cabin, as well as to the counterweight in case of installation of a safety switch or other devices on it, must be carried out by flexible cables or flexible wires with copper conductors with a cross section of at least 0,75 mm2, enclosed in a common rubber or equivalent hose.

In the current lead, at least 5% of the reserve cores of the total number of used ones, but not less than two cores, should be provided.

Cables and hoses must be designed to withstand loads from their own weight. It is allowed to strengthen them by fixing to the supporting steel cable.

5.5.8. The cables and hoses of the current supply must be placed and strengthened in such a way that when the cabin moves, the possibility of their catching on the structures located in the mine and their mechanical damage is excluded. When several cables or hoses are used for current supply, they must be fastened together.

See other articles Section Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE).

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Dream zone found in brain 23.04.2017

A large area of the posterior cortex changes its electrical activity as soon as we start dreaming.

Sleep is divided into several stages: REM sleep (REM sleep, or rapid eye movement phase) and non-REM sleep (which, in turn, consists of several more phases). For a long time it was believed that dreams come only in REM sleep - it’s not for nothing that the eyes move during it.

However, over time, it turned out that dreams are dreamed not only in REM sleep, but also in slow sleep (for example, a person may dream of something, although according to the electroencephalogram (EEG), he did not have any REM sleep at all).

Neuroscientists have long been trying to figure out whether dreams obey some laws, which areas of the brain turn on the dream mode, etc. Researchers from the University of Wisconsin-Madison write that they were able not only to find a region in the brain that “turns on” dreams, but also predict when a person will dream something. The experiment involved several dozen people who were asked to sleep in a laboratory with a small device for recording electrical brain waves on their heads. Volunteers were woken up at different times, asked if they dreamed anything and if they could remember any details of it, and their answers were compared with what the EEG showed.

It turned out that dreams have a well-defined electrorhythmic "handwriting": when a person began to dream about something, the intensity of low-frequency waves dropped, and the intensity of high-frequency waves, on the contrary, increased, and this happened in a certain area in the posterior lobes of the cortex. "Dream" changes in the electrical activity of the brain took place not only during REM sleep, but during non-REM sleep as well. By monitoring the “dream zone,” neuroscientists have been able to predict fairly accurately whether a person is dreaming or not. By the way, it turned out that dreams accompany 95% of REM sleep and 71% of slow sleep.

The area of the cortex associated with dreams turned out to be quite extensive, and in itself it consists of a number of areas with certain functions. The content of sleep depended on the area in which the electrorhythmic changes occurred: for example, if the intensity of high frequencies increased in Wernicke's zone, which is involved in the interpretation of speech, then the awakened person then told that someone was saying something in his dream.

For the time being, it would probably be premature to assert a causal relationship between dreams and the activity of the "sleepy cortex" - it may be that the change in the frequency of brain waves does not so much trigger the mechanism of dreams, but only accompanies it. One way or another, the more we know what happens in the brain during dreams, the more we will learn not only about the nature of sleep, but also about the nature of consciousness in general.

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