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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Section 5. Electric power plants Generators and synchronous compensators. Cooling and lubrication
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE) 5.2.12. When supplied with sea or aggressive fresh water, gas coolers, heat exchangers and oil coolers, pipelines and fittings to them must be made of materials resistant to corrosion 5.2.13. Generators and synchronous compensators with an open cooling system and hydrogenerators with a capacity of 1 MW or more with partial air extraction for heating must be equipped with filters for cleaning the air entering them from the outside, as well as devices for quickly stopping its supply in the event of a fire in the generator or synchronous compensator. 5.2.14. For generators and synchronous compensators with a closed air cooling system, the following measures must be taken: 1. Cold and hot air chambers must have tight-fitting glazed inspection hatches. 2. The doors of cold and hot air chambers must be steel, tight-closing, outward opening and have self-locking locks that can be opened without a key from the inside of the chambers. 3. Inside the chambers of cold and hot air, lighting must be equipped with switches placed outside. 4. The hot air box, as well as the condensers and water pipes of steam turbines, if they are located in the cooling chambers, must be covered with thermal insulation to prevent heating of cold air and moisture condensation on the surface of the pipes. 5. Cuvettes should be installed in the cold air chambers to remove water condensed on the air coolers. For turbogenerators, the end of the pipe leading water to the drain channel must be equipped with a hydraulic seal, and it is recommended to install an alarm device that reacts to the appearance of water in the drain pipe. 6. The housing, joints, air duct and other areas must be carefully sealed to prevent air from being sucked into the closed ventilation system. In the doors of the cold air chambers of turbogenerators and synchronous compensators, an organized suction of air through a filter, which is installed in the rarefaction area (after the air cooler), must be made. 7. The walls of the chambers and air boxes must be dense, they must be painted with light, flame retardant paint or lined with glazed tiles or flame retardant plastic coating. The floors of the chambers and the foundations must have a coating that does not allow the formation of dust (for example, cement with marble chips, ceramic tiles). 5.2.15. Turbine generators and hydrogen-cooled synchronous expansion joints must be equipped with: 1. A centralized hydrogen supply unit with mechanized loading and unloading of gas cylinders, gas supply pipelines and gas parameters control devices (pressure, purity, etc.) in the generator and synchronous compensator. To supply hydrogen from gas tanks to the turbine hall, one line is provided (if necessary, two lines can be laid). The scheme of gas pipelines is made ring sectioned. For synchronous compensators, one line is made. To prevent the formation of an explosive gas mixture on the hydrogen supply lines and on the air supply lines, it must be possible to create visible breaks in front of the turbogenerator and synchronous compensator. 2. Installation of a centralized supply of inert gas (carbon dioxide or nitrogen) with mechanization of loading and unloading gas cylinders to displace hydrogen or air from the generator (synchronous compensator), to purge and extinguish a fire in the main oil tank of the turbine, in the support bearings of the generator and in the conductors . 3. The main, backup, and turbogenerators, in addition, and emergency sources of oil supply for hydrogen seals, a damper tank for supplying mechanical seals with oil during the time required for an emergency shutdown of the generator with a breakdown in turbine vacuum, for turbogenerators with a capacity of 60 MW and more. Reserve and emergency sources of oil supply should be automatically switched on when the working source of oil supply is turned off, as well as when the oil pressure decreases. 4. Automatic oil pressure regulators on hydrogen seals of turbogenerators. In the oil supply scheme, the bypass valves of the regulators must be regulating, and not shut-off, to prevent surges in oil pressure during the transitions from manual to automatic control and vice versa. 5. Devices for drying hydrogen included in the hydrogen circulation circuit in the generator or synchronous compensator. 6. Warning alarm that operates in case of malfunctions of the gas-oil hydrogen cooling system and deviation of its parameters (pressure, hydrogen purity, oil-hydrogen pressure drop) from the specified values. 7. Instrumentation and automation relays for monitoring and controlling the gas-oil hydrogen cooling system, while placing gas and electrical appliances on one closed panel is not allowed. 8. Ventilation installations in places where gas accumulates in the main oil tank, oil chambers on the drain, main bearings of the turbogenerator, etc. The foundations of turbogenerators and synchronous compensators should not contain closed spaces where hydrogen accumulation is possible. In the presence of volumes limited by building structures (beams, crossbars, etc.), in which hydrogen accumulation is possible, a free exit of hydrogen upwards must be ensured from the highest points of these volumes (for example, by laying pipes). 9. Drainage devices for draining water and oil from the body. The drainage system must exclude the possibility of hot gas overflow into cold gas compartments. 10. An indicator of the appearance of liquid in the housing of the turbogenerator (synchronous compensator). 11. A source of compressed air with an excess pressure of at least 0,2 MPa with a filter and an air dryer. 5.2.16. Generators and synchronous compensators with water-cooled windings must be equipped with: 1. Distillate supply and discharge pipelines made of materials resistant to corrosion. 2. Main and standby distillate pumps. 3. Mechanical, magnetic and ion exchange filters of distillate and devices for purification of distillate from gas impurities. The distillate must be free from impurities of salts and gases. 4. Expansion tank with protection of the distillate from the external environment. 5. Main and backup heat exchangers for distillate cooling. The following shall be used as primary cooling water in heat exchangers: for hydrogenerators and synchronous compensators - industrial water, for turbogenerators - condensate from turbine condensate pumps and as a reserve industrial water or circulation pumps of gas coolers of generators. 6. Warning alarm and protection, acting in case of deviations from the normal mode of operation of the water cooling system. 7. Instrumentation and automation relays for monitoring and controlling the water cooling system. 8. Devices for detecting hydrogen leakage into the water cooling path of the stator windings. 9. Control tubes with cocks, brought out from the highest points of the drain and pressure collectors of distillate, to remove air from the water cooling system of the stator winding during filling it with distillate. 5.2.17. Filters should be installed in each piping system supplying water to gas coolers, heat exchangers and oil coolers, and it should be possible to clean and flush them without disturbing the normal operation of the generator and synchronous compensator. 5.2.18. Each section of gas coolers and heat exchangers must have valves to disconnect it from the pressure and drain manifolds and to distribute water to individual sections. A valve must be installed on the common pipeline that drains water from all sections of the coolers of each generator to control the flow of water through all sections of the cooler. For turbogenerators, the handwheel drive of this valve is recommended to be brought to the level of the engine room floor. 5.2.19. Each section of gas coolers and heat exchangers at the highest point must be provided with air vent valves. 5.2.20. In the gas or air cooling system of turbogenerators and synchronous compensators, the temperature of the cooling water must be controlled by means of recirculation devices. 5.2.21. The cooling water supply circuit should provide for automatic activation of the standby pump when the operating pump is turned off, as well as when the pressure of the cooling water decreases. Synchronous compensators must be provided with backup power from a permanent reliable source of cooling water (service water system, tanks, etc.). 5.2.22. Flowmeters must be installed on the supply pipelines for the technical water supply of generators. 5.2.23. At the site of the turbine connected to the turbogenerator, which is water or hydrogen cooled, the following should be installed: pressure gauges showing the pressure of the cooling water in the pressure manifold, the hydrogen pressure in the turbogenerator housing, the pressure of carbon dioxide (nitrogen) in the gas pipeline to the generator; signaling devices for reducing water pressure in the pressure manifold; gas control post; control panels for gas-oil and water facilities. 5.2.24. At the installation site of gas cooler pumps, heat exchangers and oil coolers, pressure gauges must be installed on the pressure manifold and on the pumps. 5.2.25. Sleeves for mercury thermometers must be built into pressure and drain pipelines of gas coolers, heat exchangers and oil coolers. 5.2.26. For synchronous expansion joints installed outdoors, it must be possible to drain the water from the cooling system when the unit is stopped. 5.2.27. The gas system must meet the requirements for normal operation of hydrogen cooling and replacement of the cooling medium in the turbogenerator and synchronous compensator. 5.2.28. The gas network should be made of seamless pipes using gas-tight fittings. Gas pipelines must be accessible for inspection and repair and be protected from mechanical damage. 5.2.29. Pipelines of circulating lubrication systems and hydrogen seals of turbogenerators and synchronous hydrogen-cooled expansion joints must be made of seamless pipes. 5.2.30. For turbine generators with a power of 3 MW or more, the bearings on the side opposite the turbine, the exciter bearings and hydrogen seals must be electrically isolated from the casing and oil lines. The design of the insulated bearing and hydrogen seals must ensure that their insulation is checked periodically during unit operation. For a synchronous compensator, the bearings must be electrically isolated from the compensator housing and oil lines. For a synchronous compensator with a directly connected exciter, only one bearing may be insulated (on the side opposite the exciter). For hydrogenerators, thrust bearings and bearings located above the rotor must be electrically isolated from the housing. 5.2.31. Two electrically insulated flange connections should be installed in series on each oil pipeline of electrically insulated bearings of turbogenerators, synchronous compensators and horizontal hydrogenerators. 5.2.32. Bearings of turbogenerators, synchronous compensators and their exciters, as well as hydrogen seals, oil baths of bearings and thrust bearings of hydrogenerators must be designed in such a way as to exclude the possibility of oil splashing and ingress of oil and its vapors on windings, slip rings and manifolds. Drain pipes for circulation lubricated bearings and hydrogen seals must have sight glasses to observe the jet of escaping oil. To illuminate the sight glasses, luminaires connected to the emergency lighting network should be used. 5.2.33. For turbine generators with direct hydrogen cooling of the windings, automatic gas analyzers should be installed to monitor the presence of hydrogen in the bearing housings and closed current ducts. 5.2.34. Mixed cooling systems of generators and synchronous compensators shall comply with the requirements of 5.2.13 - 5.2.15.
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