Section 4. Switchgears and substations

Converter substations and installations. Location of equipment, protective measures

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE)

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4.3.17. Transformer, adjusting autotransformer, surge reactors, anode dividers and filter reactors belonging to one converter unit can be installed in a common chamber.

Installation of oil-filled equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Ch. 5.1. The requirements specified in 4.2.111, 4.2.112 also apply to complete converter substations and installations.

4.3.18. Semiconductor converters may be installed together with other equipment of electrical or industrial premises, if this is not prevented by environmental conditions (strong magnetic fields, temperature, humidity, dust, etc.).

4.3.19. In industrial premises, semiconductor converters should be installed in cabinets.

4.3.20. Doors of converter cabinets with rectified voltage above 1 kV, regardless of the place where the cabinets are installed (electrical or production room), must be equipped with a lock that turns off the converter on the AC side and on the rectified current side and does not allow it to be turned on when the doors are open. Doors of converter cabinets installed outside electrical rooms must be equipped with internal locks unlocked with special keys.

4.3.21. Open semiconductor converters, i.e. those that have live parts accessible to touch, should only be installed in electrical rooms. At the same time, converters above 1 kV must have a solid or mesh fence with a height of at least 1,9 m. The mesh cells of the fence should be no more than 25x25 mm in size. The doors of the fences must have an interlock that turns off the converter without time delay on both the AC side and the rectified current side when the doors are opened.

4.3.22. Open converters up to 1 kV can be installed:

1. On floor areas isolated from the ground. In this case, the floor must be covered with an insulation layer under the converter itself and in a zone up to 1,5 m from the projection of the converter. The insulation layer must be mechanically strong enough and rated for 10 times the operating voltage of the rectified current. Walls and grounded objects located at a horizontal distance of less than 1,5 m from the projection of the transmitter must be covered with the same layer of insulation to a height of 1,9 m or must be protected by barriers isolated from the ground.

The transducer must be protected by handrails or a cord of insulated materials on insulated posts. The clear passage width from the transducer to fences, walls and other objects isolated from the ground must be at least 1 m.

2. On an uninsulated floor. In this case, the converters must have solid or mesh individual fences with a height of at least 1,9 m. The doors of the fence must have a lock similar to that specified in 4.3.20 blocking cabinet doors, or be locked with a lock. In the latter case, above the doors of the fence or on the wall, an alarm should be made to turn off the converter both on the AC side and on the rectified voltage side.

Measuring instruments installed on the transducer housing must be located and mounted in such a way that personnel can monitor the readings of the instruments without going beyond the transducer enclosure.

4.3.23. Several open converters belonging to one converter unit may be enclosed by one common fence.

4.3.24. When installing open converters up to 1 kV on an uninsulated floor in electrical rooms, horizontal distances must be at least:

1) from live parts of the converter to grounded fences, walls, etc. from the side where converter maintenance is not required, 50 mm;

2) from live parts of one converter to grounded parts of another converter, grounded fences, walls, etc. from the maintenance side 1,5 m;

3) between the grounded parts of different converters, as well as from the grounded parts of the converter to grounded fences, walls, etc. from the service side 0,8 m;

4) between live parts of different converters on the service side 2,0 m.

The distances indicated in paragraphs 2-4 are set from the condition of ensuring the entry of service personnel inside the fences without removing voltage from the transducers.

When installing open converters above 1 kV in electrical rooms, horizontal distances must be at least:

• from live parts of the converter to fences, walls, etc. from the side where converter maintenance is not required: at a voltage of 3 kV - 165 mm, 6 kV - 190 mm, 10 kV - 220 mm;
• between the grounded parts of different converters, as well as from the grounded parts of the converter to fences, walls, etc. from the service side - 0,8 m; this distance is set from the condition of ensuring the maintenance of the converter in the absence of voltage.

4.3.25. In installations in which the converter unit consists of two or more converters and, in addition, it is required to operate some of the converters in the absence of voltage on the others, the electrical connections of the individual elements must be made so that it is possible to disconnect each converter on the AC side and on the rectified side. stresses.

4.3.26. When installing cabinets with electrical equipment of converting units in one row, the width of the passage from the side of doors or removable walls must be at least 1 m; with the cabinet door open at 90º, narrowing of the passage to 0,6 m is allowed.

With a two-row arrangement of cabinets, the width of the service passage between the cabinets must be at least 1,2 m; with the doors of two cabinets open at 90º, located one against the other, there must be a passage between the doors with a width of at least 0,6 m.

When installing electrical equipment in cabinets on retractable trolleys, the width of the passages must be at least:

• with single-row placement of cabinets - the length of the trolley plus 0,6 m;
• with two-row placement - the length of the trolley plus 0,8 m.

In all cases, the width of the aisles must not be less than the size of the trolley diagonally.

4.3.27. The anodes of the converters and their coolers must be painted in a bright color different from the color of the rest of the converter.

4.3.28. Warning signs indicating the voltage of the converter at idle must be applied on the converter case.

4.3.29. In installations with semiconductor converters, the insulation of circuits connected to the valve windings of converter transformers, control circuits and "grid" protection, as well as circuits that may be at the potential of the valve windings during insulation breakdown, must withstand the following test voltage of alternating current with a frequency of 1 Hz:

Ud0 - rectified open circuit voltage.

The rated insulation voltage is taken to be the largest of the rated voltages (effective value) acting on the insulation in the circuit under test.

4.3.30. Rectified primary circuits must be insulated for their operating voltage.

See other articles Section Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE).

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